"They are the ones who disbelieved and hindered you from the Sacred Mosque." The polytheists hindered the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) from the House, so he and his companions slaughtered the sacrificial animals (hady) at al-Hudaybiyah. This is His saying: "and the sacrificial animals, withheld"—meaning: restrained—"from reaching their place of sacrifice."
Muhammad said: It is said: 'I restrained him from such and such' (ʿakaftuhu) if you hold him back; from this comes 'the one who stays (al-ʿakif) in the mosque,' for he is indeed the one who holds himself within it. The 'place of sacrifice' (al-mahall) is the slaughtering site. The accusative case of 'the sacrificial animals' (al-hady) is based on the meaning: they hindered you and they hindered the sacrificial animals, having been restrained.
"And had it not been for believing men and believing women" in Makkah who practice taqiyyah (religious concealment), "whom you did not know, that you might have trampled them"—and thus killed them—"and thus there would have befallen you from them a reproach"—meaning a sin—"without knowing," meaning: had you killed them without knowing, "so that Allah might admit into His mercy"—meaning: into Islam—"whom He wills."
﴿هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِد الْحَرَام﴾ صدّ الْمُشْركُونَ رَسُول الله ﷺ عَنِ الْبَيْت، فَنحر وَنحر أَصْحَابه الْهَدْي بِالْحُدَيْبِية، وَهُوَ قَوْله: ﴿وَالْهَدْي معكوفا﴾ أَي: مَحْبُوسًا ﴿أَنْ يَبْلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ﴾.
قَالَ محمدٌ: يُقَال: عَكَفْتُه عَن كَذَا إِذا حبَسْته، وَمِنْه: العاكف فِي الْمَسْجِد، إِنَّمَا هُوَ الَّذِي يَحْبِس نَفسه فِيهِ: والمحِلُّ: المَنْحَرُ. وَنصب (وَالْهَدْي) على معنى: صدوكم وصدوا الهَدْيَ معكوفًا.
﴿وَلَوْلا رِجَالٌ مُؤْمِنُونَ وَنِسَاءٌ مؤمنات﴾ بِمَكَّة يدينون بالتقية ﴿لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوهُمْ أَن تَطَئُوهُمْ﴾ فتقتلوهم ﴿فتصيبكم مِنْهُم معرة﴾ إِثْم ﴿بِغَيْر علم﴾ أَي: فتقتلوهم بِغَيْر علم ﴿لِيُدْخِلَ الله فِي رَحمته﴾ يَعْنِي: الْإِسْلَام ﴿من يَشَاء﴾
