with declension for the first [term] does so because it is the end of a verse, and whoever declinates the second [term] is following the pattern of one expression after another, because the Arabs sometimes alternate the case of a thing to make one expression follow another. Likewise is His saying: [Indeed, We have prepared for the disbelievers chains, shackles, and a blazing fire]. The most eloquent [form] in Arabic is that it should not be declined, but when it was made an end of a verse, it was declined so that the ends of the verses might be in one form.
[They determined it with precise determination]; that is, in their own selves, so it came to them according to how they determined and desired, in terms of small, large, and medium sizes. This is the interpretation of Qatada.
قَوَارِيرًا بِصَرْفُ الْأَوَّلِ فَلِأَنَّهُ رَأْسُ آيَةٍ، وَمَنْ صَرَفَ الثَّانِيَ أَتْبَعَ اللَّفْظَ اللَّفْظَ؛ لِأَنَّ الْعَرَبَ رُبَّمَا قَلَبَتْ إِعْرَابَ الشَّيْءِ؛ لِتُتْبِعَ اللَّفْظَةَ اللَّفْظَةَ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا للْكَافِرِينَ سلاسلاً وأغلالاً وسعيرًا﴾ الْأَجْوَدُ فِي الْعَرَبِيَّةِ: أَلَّا يُصْرَفُ وَلَكِنْ لَمَّا جُعْلِتْ رَأْسَ آيَةٍ صُرِفَتْ لِيَكُونَ آخِرُ الْآيِ عَلَى لفظ وَاحِد.
﴿قدروها تَقْديرا﴾ أَيْ: فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَأَتَتْهُمْ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا قَدَّرُوا وَاشْتَهَوْا مِنْ صِغَارٍ وَكِبَارٍ وأوساطٍ، هَذَا تَفْسِيرُ قَتَادَة