[His saying: "so pardon and overlook until Allah brings about His command."]
[The First Aspect]
1088 - My father narrated to us, Abu al-Yaman narrated to us, Shu'ayb informed us, from al-Zuhri, 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr informed me that Usamah ibn Zayd informed him, saying: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and his companions used to pardon the polytheists and the People of the Scripture as Allah commanded them, and they used to endure the harm. Allah said: "so pardon and overlook until Allah brings about His command. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to interpret the pardon as that which Allah commanded him to do, until Allah granted permission regarding them for killing. So, through him, Allah killed whom He killed of the chieftains of Quraysh.
The Second Aspect:
1089 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "so pardon and overlook until Allah brings about His command." He said: This was all abrogated by His saying: "then kill the polytheists wherever you find them," and His saying: "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day..." up to His saying: "...while they are humbled." Thus, this abrogated the [previous command of] pardon regarding the polytheists.
1090 - 'Isam ibn Rawwad narrated to us, Adam narrated to us, from Abu Ja'far, from al-Rabi', from Abu al-'Aliyah regarding His saying: "so pardon and overlook," he says: Pardon the People of the Scripture, and overlook them until Allah brings about a command. So Allah brought about, after that, in Surat Bara'ah: "Fight those who do not believe in Allah..." up to His saying: "...while they are humbled." Similar was narrated from Qatadah, al-Suddi, and al-Rabi' ibn Anas.
His saying: "And establish prayer and give zakah."
Its interpretation has already preceded.
His saying: "And whatever good you put forth for yourselves"
1091 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Bukayr narrated to us, from Ibn Lahi'ah, from 'Ata' ibn Dinar, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr: "what you put forth," meaning the deeds of good they did in the world.
(1). Muslim, Book of Jihad, number 116. (2). Surah al-Tawbah, verse 5. (3). Surah al-Tawbah, verse 29.
[قوله: فاعفوا واصفحوا حتى يأتي الله بأمره]
[الوجه الأول]
١٠٨٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَنْبَأَ شُعَيْبُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَعْفُونَ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ كَمَا أَمَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَصْبِرُونَ عَلَى الأَذَى قَالَ اللَّهُ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كل شيء قدير وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يَتَأَوَّلُ فِي الْعَفْوِ مَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ حَتَّى أَذِنَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ بِقَتْلٍ. فَقَتَلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مَنْ قُتِلَ مِنْ صَنَادِيدِ قُرَيْشٍ «١» .
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
١٠٨٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ نَسَخَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ. قَوْلُهُ:
فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ «٢» وَقَوْلُهُ قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلا بِالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ «٣» فَنَسَخَ هَذَا عَفْوًا عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ.
١٠٩٠ - حَدَّثَنَا عِصَامُ بْنُ رَوَّادٍ ثنا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا يَقُولُ: اعْفُوا عَنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَاصْفَحُوا عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى يُحْدِثَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا، فَأَحْدَثَ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي سُورَةِ بَرَاءَةَ، قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ وَرُوِي عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ
قَوْلُهُ: وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ
قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ تَفْسِيرُهُ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَمَا تُقَدِّمُوا لأَنْفُسِكُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ
١٠٩١ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو زرعة ثنا نحيى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: ما تُقَدِّمُوا يَعْنِي مَا عَمِلُوا مِنَ الأَعْمَالِ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ في الدنيا.
(١) . مسلم كتاب الجهاد رقم ١١٦.(٢) . سورة التوبة، آية: ٥.(٣) . سورة التوبة، آية: ٢٩.
