1116 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, 'Amr ibn Hammad narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi, regarding: "It is not for them to enter it except in fear," [he said]: The Romans supported Nebuchadnezzar in the destruction of Bayt al-Maqdis. Thus, there is not a Roman on earth who enters it today except that he is afraid of being struck in the neck, or he has been made to fear through the payment of the Jizyah (poll tax), so he pays it.
The second interpretation:
1117 - Al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq informed us, Ma'mar informed us, from Qatadah: Allah said: "It is not for them to enter it except in fear," and they are the Christians; they do not enter the mosques except by stealth.
His saying: "For them in this world is disgrace, and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment"
[The first interpretation]
1118 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, 'Amr ibn Hammad ibn Talhah narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi: As for their disgrace in this world, it is that when the Mahdi rises, he will conquer Constantinople and kill them; that is the disgrace. Something similar was narrated from 'Ikrimah and Wa'il ibn Dawud.
The second interpretation:
1119 - Al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq informed us, Ma'mar informed us, from Qatadah regarding: "For them in this world is disgrace," he said: They shall pay the Jizyah willingly while they are humbled.
His saying: "And to Allah belongs the East and the West. So wherever you [might] turn, there is the Face of Allah. Indeed, Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing"
There is a difference of opinion regarding its interpretation into four views:
[The first view]
One of them is: Whoever regarded it as muhkam (definitive/non-abrogated) and applied it to the limit of necessity:
1120 - Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us, Sa'id ibn Sulayman narrated to us, Abu al-Rabi' al-Samman Ash'ath ibn Sa'id informed us, 'Asim ibn 'Ubayd Allah informed us, from 'Abd Allah ibn Rabi'ah, from his father, who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) on a journey on a dark night, so we stopped at a place and the man began to take stones and make them a masjid (place of prayer) to pray in. When morning came, we realized that we had prayed toward a direction other than the Qiblah. We said: O Messenger of Allah, it was a cold night. So Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, revealed: "And to Allah belongs the East and the West. So wherever you [might] turn, there is the Face of Allah."
(1). Al-Tafsir 1/75. (2). Al-Tafsir 1/75. (3). Al-Tirmidhi, Book of Tafsir, no. 2957, who said: A hasan gharib (good but singular) hadith, 5/188.
١١١٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَمَّادٍ ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ أُولَئِكَ مَا كَانَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوهَا إِلا خَائِفِينَ فَإِنَّ الرُّومَ ظَاهَرُوا بُخْتَ نَصَّرَ عَلَى خَرَابِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ. فَلَيْسَ فِي الأَرْضِ رُومِيٌّ يَدْخُلُهُ الْيَوْمَ إِلا وَهُوَ خَائِفٌ أَنْ تُضْرَبَ عُنُقُهُ، أَوْ قَدْ أُخِيفَ بِأَدَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ فَهُوَ يُؤَدِّيهَا.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
١١١٧ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ «١» أَنْبَأَ مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ: أُولَئِكَ مَا كَانَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يدخلوها إلا خَائِفِينَ وَهُمُ النَّصَارَى فَلا يَدْخُلُونَ الْمَسَاجِدَ إِلا مُسَارَقَةً.
قَوْلُهُ: لَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا خِزْيٌ وَلَهُمْ فِي الآخِرَةِ عذاب عظيم
[الوجه الأول]
١١١٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَمَّادٍ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ:
أَمَّا خِزْيُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا قَامَ الْمَهْدِيُّ فَتَحَ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ وَقَتَلَهُمْ فَذَلِكَ الْخِزْيُ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَوَائِلِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
١١١٩ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ «٢» أَنْبَأَ مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ:
لَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا خِزْيٌ قَالَ: يُعْطُونَ الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وجه الله إن الله واسع عليم
اختلف في تفسيره على أربعة أوجه:
[القول الأول]
فَأَحَدُ ذَلِكَ: مَنْ جَعَلَهَا مُحْكَمَةً وَصَرَفَهَا إِلَى حَدِّ الضَّرُورَةِ [١١٢٠]
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ السَّمَّانُ أَشْعَثُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أَنْبَأَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ:
كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فِي سَفَرٍ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُظْلِمَةٍ، فَنَزَلْنَا مَنْزِلا فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَأْخُذُ الْحِجَارَةَ فَيَجْعَلُهَا مَسْجِدًا يُصَلِّي فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْنَا إِذَا نَحْنُ قَدْ صَلَّيْنَا لِغَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ، فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. لَيْلَتُنَا لَيْلَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله «٣» .
(١) . التفسير ١/ ٧٥.(٢) . التفسير ١/ ٧٥.(٣) . الترمذي كتاب التفسير رقم ٢٩٥٧، قال: حديث حسن غريب ٥/ ١٨٨.
