They swore that they would not be satisfied until they killed the free man among them for our slave, and our woman for their man. So it was revealed concerning them: "The free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female," then it was abrogated; "A life for a life" abrogated it.
It was reported from Abu Malik similarly.
1577 - My father narrated to us, Nasr ibn 'Ali narrated to us, my father informed us, he said: Shu'bah said: I said to Abu Bishr: How was that? - meaning the saying of Allah: "Prescribed for you is legal retribution for those murdered, the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female." He said: The man used to be killed - meaning: for the man, and the slave would be left for the slave.
His saying: "The slave for the slave"
Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah mentioned it, Hajjaj narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, he said: I asked 'Ata' about: "The free for the free, and the slave for the slave." He said: When the slave is like the slave.
His saying: "The female for the female"
1578 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih the scribe of al-Layth narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "The female for the female." That is because they used not to kill the man for the woman, but they used to kill the man for the man and the woman for the woman. So Allah the Exalted revealed: "A life for a life, and an eye for an eye." Thus He made free people equal in legal retribution regarding what is between them in cases of intentional killing, equal in their men and their women, regarding life and what is less than life. And He made the slaves equal among themselves in cases of intentional killing, regarding life and what is less than life, their men and their women.
His saying: "But if something is pardoned for him by his brother"
[The first interpretation]
1579 - Yunus ibn 'Abd al-A'la informed us by reading, Sufyan narrated to us, from 'Amr - meaning Ibn Dinar - from Mujahid, from Ibn 'Abbas: His saying: "But if something is pardoned for him by his brother" - the pardon consists of accepting the blood money (diyah) in cases of intentional killing.
It was reported from Jabir ibn Zayd, Abu al-'Aliyah, Mujahid, 'Ata', Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Muqatil, and al-Hasan similarly.
(1). See Tafsir 'Abd al-Razzaq 1/84. (2). Tafsir Mujahid 1/95.
فَحَلَفُوا أَلا يَرْضَوْا، حَتَّى يَقْتُلُوا بِالْعَبْدِ مِنَّا، الْحُرَّ مِنْهُمْ، وَالْمَرْأَةِ مِنَّا، بِالرَّجُلِ مِنْهُمْ، فَنَزَلَ فِيهِمْ الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى مِنْهُمَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ نَسَخَتْهَا:
النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
١٥٧٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَنْبَأَ أَبِي، قَالَ: قَالَ شُعْبَةَ، قُلْتُ لأَبِي بِشْرٍ: كَيْفَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ يَعْنِي قَوْلَ اللَّهِ: كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى فَقَالَ: كَانَ يُقْتَلُ الرَّجُلُ، يَعْنِي: بِالرَّجُلِ، وَيُتْرَكُ العبد بالعبد.
قوله: والعبد بِالْعَبْدِ
ذَكَرهَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، ثنا حَجَّاجٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَطَاءً عَنْ: الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ قَالَ: إِذَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ مِثْلَ الْعَبْدِ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى
١٥٧٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا لَا يَقْتُلُونَ الرَّجُلَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا يَقْتُلُونَ الرَّجُلَ بِالرَّجُلِ وَالْمَرْأَةَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ فَجَعَلَ الأَحْرَارَ فِي الْقِصَاصِ سَوَاءً فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ فِي الْعَمْدِ سَوَاءً رِجَالُهُمْ ونساءهم، فِي النَّفْسِ وَمَا دُونِ النَّفْسِ، وَجَعَلَ الْعَبِيدَ مستوين فيما بينهم في العمد، في النَّفْسِ وَفِيمَا دُونِ النَّفْسِ رِجَالَهُمْ وَنِسَاءَهُمْ.
قَوْلُهُ: فمن عفي له من أخيه شيء
[الوجه الأول]
١٥٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى قِرَاءَةً، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو- يَعْنِي ابْنَ دِينَارٍ- عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ «١»
قَوْلُهُ: فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَالْعَفْوُ فِي أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الدِّيَةَ فِي الْعَمْدِ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ وَمُجَاهِدٍ «٢» وَعَطَاءٍ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَمُقَاتِلٍ وَالْحَسَنِ، نحو ذلك.
(١) . انظر تفسير عبد الرزاق ١/ ٨٤.(٢) . تفسير مجاهد ١/ ٩٥.
