1584 - My father narrated to us, Muhammad ibn al-Walid al-Busri narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ja'far Ghundar narrated to us, Shu'bah narrated to us, from Warqa', from 'Amr ibn Dinar, from Mujahid, from 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr regarding "And payment to him with good conduct" - he said: That refers to the blood money.
His saying: "This is an alleviation from your Lord"
1585 - Yunus ibn 'Abd al-A'la informed us by way of reading, Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah narrated to us, from 'Amr, from Mujahid, from Ibn 'Abbas, he said: Retribution (qisas) existed among the Children of Israel, and blood money (diyah) did not exist among them. So Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said to this nation: "This is an alleviation from your Lord" - compared to what was prescribed for those before you.
It was reported from 'Ata' al-Khurasani similarly.
1586 - al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us, 'Abd al-Wahhab narrated to us, from Sa'id, he said: Qatadah said: "This is an alleviation from your Lord" - Allah had mercy on this nation and granted them blood money, which was not lawful for anyone before them. He said: The People of the Book only had retribution or pardon among them; there was no compensation (arsh) among them. As for the people of the Gospel, they were only commanded to pardon. Then, for this nation, retribution, pardon, and compensation were established.
It was reported from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Muqatil ibn Hayyan, and al-Rabi' ibn Anas similarly.
His saying: "And a mercy"
1587 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Minjab ibn al-Harith narrated to us, Bishr ibn 'Umarah informed us, from Abu Rawq, from al-Dahhak, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "And a mercy" - he says: And gentleness.
1588 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Bukayr narrated to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to us, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding the saying of Allah: "And a mercy" - meaning: And that you may be shown mercy.
His saying: "Then whoever transgresses after that"
1589 - My father narrated to us, Musa ibn Isma'il narrated to us, Hammad narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ishaq informed us, from al-Harith ibn Fudayl, from Sufyan ibn Abi al-'Awja', from Abu Shurayh al-Khuza'i, that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever is afflicted with a killing or an injury, he may choose one of three: either to seek retribution, or to pardon, or to take the blood money. If he desires a fourth [option], then restrain his hands. And whoever transgresses after that, for him is the fire of Hell, wherein he will abide forever."
١٥٨٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْبُسْرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ غُنْدَرٌ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ وَرْقَاءَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ فِي الدِّيَةِ.
قَوْلُهُ: ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ
١٥٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى قِرَاءَةً ثنا سفيان بن عينية، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْقِصَاصُ، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ فِيهِمُ الدِّيَةُ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لِهَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ: ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ مِمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
١٥٨٦ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ:
قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الأُمَّةَ وَأَطْعَمَهُمُ الدِّيَةَ، وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لأَحَدٍ قَبْلَهُمْ. قَالَ: فَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ، إِنَّمَا بَيْنَهُمْ قِصَاصٌ أَوْ عَفْوٌ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَرْشٌ وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الإِنْجِيلِ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَفْوٌ أُمِرُوا بِهِ وَجُعِلَ لِهَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ الْقِصَاصُ وَالْعَفْوُ وَالأَرْشُ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ. وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَرَحْمَةٌ
١٥٨٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا مِنْجَابُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَنْبَأَ بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي رَوْقٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَرَحْمَةٌ يَقُولُ: وَرِفْقٌ.
١٥٨٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَرَحْمَةٌ يَعْنِي: وَلِتُرْحَمُوا.
قَوْلُهُ: فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ
١٥٨٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ثنا حَمَّادٌ، أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِقَتْلٍ أَوْ خَبْلٍ، فَإِنَّهُ يَخْتَارُ إِحْدَى ثَلاثٍ: إِمَّا أَنْ يَقْتَصَّ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَعْفُوَ. وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الدِّيَةَ، فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ فَخُذُوا عَلَى يَدَيْهِ، وَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدًا فِيهَا.
