His saying: "That you may succeed"
1718 - Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-A‘la narrated to us, Ibn Wahb narrated to us, Abu Sakhr al-Madini narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ka‘b al-Qurazi, that he used to say regarding this verse, "That you may succeed": He says: "That you may succeed tomorrow when you meet Me."
His saying: "And fight in the way of Allah those who fight you"
1719 - ‘Isam ibn Rawwad narrated to us, Adam narrated to us, from Ja‘far, from al-Rabi‘, from Abu al-‘Aliyah regarding "And fight in the way of Allah those who fight you," he said: This is the first verse that was revealed regarding fighting in Medina. When it was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would fight those who fought him and would refrain from those who refrained from him, until Surah Bara’ah was revealed.
1720 - Hajjaj ibn Hamzah narrated to us, Shababah narrated to us, Warqa’ narrated to us, from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid, regarding his saying: "And fight in the way of Allah those who fight you," for the companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and may Allah be pleased with them, they were commanded to fight the disbelievers.
His saying: "And do not transgress"
[The first interpretation]
1721 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu‘awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from ‘Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn ‘Abbas, regarding his saying: "And do not transgress," he says: Do not kill women, children, the very old man, nor those who offer peace and restrain their hand. If you do this, you have transgressed. It was narrated from ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz and Muqatil ibn Hayyan something similar, except for his saying: "And do not say to those who offer peace to you: You are not a believer."
The second interpretation:
1722 - ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, Abu Bakr and ‘Uthman narrated to us, Abu Shaybah informed us, both said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Wasiti narrated to us, Yazid ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, from al-Hasan, regarding his saying: "And do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not love the transgressors," he said: It is the man who kills a man then flees, then his people come and reconcile [the matter] for blood money, then the other [party] goes out, having felt secure in himself, and he is approached and killed, and the blood money is returned to him. So Allah revealed concerning this [man] and his brother: "And do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not love the transgressors."
1723 - Habban ibn Hilal narrated to me, Thabit Abu Zayd narrated to us, ‘Asim al-Ahwal narrated to us, from al-Hasan, regarding "Indeed, Allah does not love the transgressors," he said: Do not transgress towards what Allah has forbidden you.
قوله: لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
١٧١٨ - حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ثنا أَبُو صَخْرٍ الْمَدِينِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ يَقُولُ:
لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ غَدًا إِذَا لَقِيتُمُونِي.
قَوْلُهُ: وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ
١٧١٩ - حَدَّثَنَا عِصَامُ بْنُ رَوَّادٍ، ثنا آدَمُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ قَالَ هَذِهِ أَوَّلُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْقِتَالِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُقَاتِلُ مَنْ قَاتَلَهُ، وَيَكُفُّ، عَنْ مَنْ كَفَّ، عَنْهُ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ سُورَةُ بَرَاءَةَ.
١٧٢٠ - حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، ثنا شَبَابَةُ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَوْلُهُ: وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ لأَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَضِيَ، عَنْهُمْ، أُمِرُوا بِقِتَالِ الْكُفَّارِ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَلا تَعْتَدُوا
[الوجه الأول]
١٧٢١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَوْلُهُ: وَلا تَعْتَدُوا يَقُولُ: لَا تَقْتُلُوا النِّسَاءَ وَالصِّبْيَانَ وَالشَّيْخَ الْكَبِيرَ وَلا مَنْ أَلْقَى السَّلَمَ، وَكَفَّ يَدَهُ، فَإِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ هَذَا فَقَدِ اعْتَدَيْتُمْ. وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ، إِلا قَوْلُهُ: وَلا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا.
وَالوجه الثَّانِي:
١٧٢٢ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُثْمَانُ، أنبأ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالا، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَوْلُهُ: وَلا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ قَالَ: هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ ثُمَّ يَهْرُبَ فَيَجِيءُ قَوْمُهُ فَيُصَالِحُونَ عَلَى الدِّيَةِ، ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ الآخَرُ وَقَدْ أَمِنَ فِي نَفْسِهِ، فَيُؤْتَى، فَيُقْتَلُ، وَتُرَدُّ الدِّيَةُ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي هَذَا وَأَخِيهِ وَلا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ
١٧٢٣ - حَدَّثَنِي حَبَّانُ بْنُ هِلالٍ، ثنا ثَابِتٌ أَبُو زَيْدٍ، ثنا عَاصِمٌ الأَحْوَلُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ قَالَ: لَا تَعْتَدُوا إِلَى مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ.
