from someone who narrated to him from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority." They said: "Will You place therein one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we exalt You with praise and declare Your sanctity?" Allah said: "I am creating a human, and they will envy one another, and some of them will kill others, and they will cause corruption on the earth." That is why they said what they said.
He means: "Will You place therein one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood?"
325 - Al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Rabi' al-Jurjani narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq informed us, Ma'mar informed us from Qatadah regarding His saying: "Will You place therein one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood?" He said: Allah knew that when there would be a creation on the earth, they would cause corruption therein and shed blood. That is when they said: "Will You place therein one who causes corruption therein?" They mean humans.
326 - Ahmad ibn 'Isam narrated to us, Abu Ahmad al-Zubayri narrated to us, Sufyan narrated to us from 'Ata' ibn al-Sa'ib, from Ibn Sabit regarding His saying: "Will You place therein one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood?" They mean humans.
The Third Aspect:
327 - My father narrated to us, Hisham al-Razi narrated to us, Ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us from Ma'ruf—meaning Ibn Kharabudh al-Makki—from someone who heard Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali saying: Al-Sijill is an angel, and Harut and Marut were among his assistants. He had three glimpses each day to look into the Mother of the Book (Umm al-Kitab). He looked once—which was not for him—and in it, he caught sight of the creation of Adam and the affairs contained within it. He confided this to Harut and Marut, and they were among his assistants. When He said: "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority," they said: "Will You place therein one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood?" They said that out of arrogance over the angels.
The Fourth Aspect:
328 - My father Hisham ibn 'Ubayd Allah narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Abi Kathir narrated to us, he said: I heard my father saying: The angels who said: "Will You place therein one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we exalt You with praise and declare Your sanctity?" were ten thousand. Then a fire emerged from Allah and burned them.
(1). 'Abd al-Razzaq 1/64. (2). Ibn Kathir said: This is from the Isra'iliyyat, 1/102.
عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلُهُ: إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ: إِنِّي خَالِقٌ بَشَرًا وَإِنَّهُمْ يَتَحَاسَدُونَ فَيَقْتُلُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِي الأَرْضِ، فَلِذَلِكَ قَالُوا مَا قَالُوا.
يَعْنِي: أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء.
٣٢٥ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ «١» أَنْبَأَ مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فِي قَوْلُهُ: أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ قَالَ: كَانَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ فِي الأَرْضِ خَلْقٌ أَفْسَدُوا فِيهَا وَسَفَكُوا الدِّمَاءَ، فَذَلِكَ حِينَ قَالُوا: أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا يَعْنُونَ النَّاسَ.
٣٢٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِصَامٍ، ثنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ عَنِ ابْنِ سَابِطٍ فِي قَوْلُهُ: أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ يَعْنُونَ النَّاسَ.
وَالوجه الثَّالِثُ:
٣٢٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا هِشَامٌ الرَّازِيُّ ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ مَعْرُوفٍ- يعني ابن خربؤ الْمَكِّيَّ عَمَّنْ سَمِعَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ يَقُولُ: السِّجِلُّ مَلَكٌ، وَكَانَ هَارُوتُ وَمَارُوتُ مِنْ أَعْوَانِهِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ ثَلاثُ لَمْحَاتٍ يَنْظُرُهُنَّ فِي أُمِّ الْكِتَابِ، فَنَظَرَ نَظْرَةً لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ فَأَبْصَرَ فِيهَا خَلْقَ آدَمَ وَمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الأُمُورِ، فَأَسَرَّ ذَلِكَ إِلَى هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ وَكَانَا مِنْ أَعْوَانِهِ، فَلَمَّا قَالَُ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ قَالا ذَلِكَ اسْتِطَالَةً عَلَى الْمَلائِكَةِ.
وَالوجه الرَّابِعُ:
٣٢٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أبى هِشَامُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ قَالَ:
سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: إِنَّ الْمَلائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا: أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ كَانُوا عَشَرَةَ آلافٍ، فَخَرَجَتْ نَارٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ الله فأحرقتهم «٢» .
(١) . عبد الرزاق ١/ ٦٤.(٢) . قال ابن كثير: هذا من الإسرائيليات، ١/ ١٠٢. [.....]
