355 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Abu Usamah narrated to us, Salih ibn Hayyan narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Buraydah narrated to us, he said: Allah already knew from Iblis—in what he concealed—that he would not perform it. That is His saying: "And I know what you reveal and what you were concealing." As for what he revealed, it was his acknowledgement of prostration, and as for what he concealed, it was his refusal to do so.
The Second Aspect:
356 - 'Isam ibn Rawwad ibn al-Jarrah al-'Asqalani narrated to us, Adam narrated to us, Abu Ja'far—meaning al-Razi—narrated to us, from al-Rabi', from Abu al-'Aliyah: "And I know what you reveal and what you were concealing." That which they concealed was their saying: "Our Lord will not create any creation but that we are more knowledgeable and more honorable than him." It was narrated from al-Hasan something similar.
357 - My father narrated to us, Ahmad ibn 'Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Ja'far al-Razi narrated to us, from his father, from al-Rabi' ibn Anas: His saying, "And I know what you reveal and what you were concealing." That which they concealed among themselves was their saying: "Allah the Exalted did not create any creation but that we are more honorable and more knowledgeable than it." Thus, they knew that Allah had favored Adam over them in knowledge and honor.
Mujahid, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, al-Suddi, and al-Dahhak followed Ibn 'Abbas in his interpretation of His saying, "And what you were concealing." Qatadah and al-Hasan followed Abu al-'Aliyah.
His saying: "And when We said to the angels"
358 - My father narrated to me, Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Firyabi narrated to us, Adam narrated to us, Abu Ja'far narrated to us, from al-Rabi', from Abu al-'Aliyah, regarding the saying of Allah: "And when We said to the angels, 'Prostrate to Adam,'" he said: The angels who were on the earth.
His saying: "Prostrate to Adam"
359 - Al-Hasan ibn Ahmad narrated to us, Ibrahim ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Bashshar al-Wasiti narrated to us, Surur ibn al-Mughirah narrated to us, from 'Abbad ibn Mansur, from al-Hasan: "And when We said to the angels, 'Prostrate to Adam.'" Then He commanded them to prostrate to Adam, so they prostrated to him out of honor from Allah, with which He honored Adam, and so that they would know that nothing is hidden from Allah and that He does what He wills.
٣٥٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ ثنا صَالِحُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ قَالَ: فَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَدْ عَلِمَ مِنْ إِبْلِيسَ فِيمَا يُخْفِي أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ فَاعِلٍ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ:
وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ أَمَّا إِبْدَاؤُهُ فَإِقْرَارُهُ بِالسُّجُودِ، وَأَمَّا مَا يُخْفِي فَإِبْاؤُهُ لَهُ.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٣٥٦ - حَدَّثَنَا عِصَامُ بْنُ رَوَّادِ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ الْعَسْقَلانِيُّ ثنا آدَمُ ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ- يَعْنِي الرَّازِيَّ- عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ: وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ فَكَانَ الَّذِي كَتَمُوا قَوْلَهُمْ: لَنْ يَخْلُقَ رَبُّنَا خَلْقًا إِلا كُنَّا نَحْنُ أَعْلَمَ مِنْهُ وَأَكْرَمَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
٣٥٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ: قَوْلُهُ: وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ فَكَانَ الَّذِي كَتَمُوا بَيْنَهُمْ قَوْلَهُمْ: لَمْ يَخْلُقِ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى خَلْقًا إِلا كُنَّا أَكْرَمَ مِنْهُ وَأَعْلَمَ، فَعَرَفُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ فَضَّلَ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْكَرَمِ.
وَتَابَعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى تَفْسِيرِهِ قَوْلُهُ: وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَالسُّدِّيُّ وَالضَّحَّاكُ. وَتَابَعَ أَبَا الْعَالِيَةِ: قَتَادَةُ وَالْحَسَنُ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلائِكَةِ
٣٥٨ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ ثنا آدَمُ ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لآدَمَ قَالَ:
الْمَلائِكَةُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا فِي الأَرْضِ.
قَوْلُهُ: اسْجُدُوا لآدَمَ
٣٥٩ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ ثنا سُرُورُ ابن الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ: وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لآدَمَ ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا لآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا لَهُ كَرَامَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ أَكْرَمَ بِهَا آدَمَ، وَلِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَأَنَّهُ يَصْنَعُ مَا أَرَادَ.
