Tafsir Ibn Abi Hatim — His saying, Exalted is He: 'Test them'

Volume 10 · Page 210His saying, Exalted is He: 'Test them'

Translation · EN

O you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants... the verse. [This was] regarding the wife of Abu Hassan ibn al-Dahdaha, and she is Umayma bint Busr, a woman from the Banu 'Amr ibn 'Awf, and that Sahl ibn Hunayf married her when she fled to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), and she bore him 'Abdullah ibn Sahl. (1)

18866 - From Muqatil (may Allah have mercy on him) who said: There was a treaty between the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) and the people of Mecca stipulating that he would return the women. A woman named Sa'ida came, and she was the wife of Sayfi ibn al-Rahib, who was a polytheist from the people of Mecca, and they demanded her return, so Allah revealed: "When the believing women come to you as emigrants..." until the end of the verse. (2)

His saying, the Almighty: "Then test them"

18867 - From Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) regarding His saying: "When the believing women come to you as emigrants, then test them," that he was asked: With what did the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) test the women?

He said: When a woman came to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) would make her swear by Allah that she did not leave out of a desire for one land over another, by Allah that she did not leave out of hatred for a husband, by Allah that she did not leave in search of worldly gain, and by Allah that she did not leave except out of love for Allah and His Messenger. (3)

His saying, the Almighty: "The disbelieving women"

18868 - From Talha (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: When [the verse] "And do not hold to marriage bonds with disbelieving women" was revealed, I divorced my wife Arwa bint Rabi'a, and 'Umar divorced Qurayba bint Abi Umayya and Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal al-Khuza'iyya. (4)

His saying, the Almighty: "Has escaped you"

18869 - From al-Hasan regarding His saying: "And if anything has escaped you from your wives to the disbelievers" – he said: It was revealed regarding the wife of al-Hakam ibn Abi Sufyan who apostatized, and a man from Thaqif married her. No woman from Quraysh apostatized other than her, and she embraced Islam with Thaqif when they embraced Islam. (5)

18870 - From Muqatil (may Allah have mercy on him) who said: This verse was revealed on the day of the Conquest [of Mecca], and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) gave the oath of allegiance to the men at al-Safa, and 'Umar gave the oath of allegiance to the women below it on behalf of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). (6)

Notes

(1) Al-Durr 8/130-131 and Fath al-Qadir 5/214. (2) Al-Durr 8/136-138. (3) Al-Durr 8/136-138. (4) Al-Durr 8/136-138. (5) Al-Durr 8/136-138. (6) Al-Durr 8/138.

Arabic (Source)

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ الْآيَةَ. فِي امْرَأَةِ أَبيِ حَسَّانِ بْنِ الدَّحْدَاحَةِ، وَهِيَ أُمَيْمَةُ بِنْتُ بُسْرٍ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَأَنَّ سَهْلَ بْنَ حُنَيْفٍ تَزَوَّجَهَا حِينَ فَرَّتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ «١» .

١٨٨٦٦ - عَنْ مُقَاتِلٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كَانَ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَيْنَ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ عَهْدٌ شُرِطَ في أَنْ يَرُدَّ النِّسَاءَ، فَجَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ تُسَمَّى سَعِيدَةُ وكانت تحت صيفي بن الراهب، وَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، وَطَلَبُوا رَدَّهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ الْآيَةَ «٢» .

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ

١٨٨٦٧ - عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ: إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ بِمَ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَمْتَحِنُ النِّسَاءَ؟

قَالَ: كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا جَاءَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَلَّفَهَا عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ بِاللَّهِ مَا خَرَجَتْ رَغْبَةً بِأَرْضٍ عَنْ أَرْضٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ مَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بُغْضِ زَوْجٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ مَا خَرَجَتِ الْتِمَاسَ دُنْيَا، وَبِاللَّهِ مَا خَرَجَتْ إِلا حُبًّا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ «٣» .

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: الْكَوَافِرِ

١٨٨٦٨ - عَنْ طَلْحَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ وَلا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي أروى بنت ربيعة، طلق عُمَرُ قُرَيْبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ وَأُمَّ كَلْثُومٍ بِنْتَ جَرْوَلٍ الْخُزَاعِيَّةَ «٤» .

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَاتَكُمْ

١٨٨٦٩ - عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَإِنْ فَاتَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي امْرَأَةِ الْحَكَمِ بِنْتِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ارْتَدَّتْ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلٌ ثَقَفِيٌّ، وَلَمْ تَرْتَدَّ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ غَيْرُهَا، فَأَسْلَمَتْ مَعَ ثَقِيْفٍ حِينَ أَسْلَمُوا «٥» .

١٨٨٧٠ - عَنْ مُقَاتِلٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ فَبَايَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الرِّجَالَ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَعُمَرُ يُبَايِعُ النِّسَاءَ تَحْتَهَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ «٦» .