Sūrat al-Balad
90
His saying, the Almighty: "I do swear by this city, while you are a settler in this city."
19300 - On the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, regarding "I do swear by this city," he said: Makkah. "While you are a settler in this city," he said: You, O Muḥammad, it is lawful for you to fight within it, whereas for others, it is not.
19301 - On the authority of Mujāhid, regarding His saying: "I do swear," he said: It is a refutation of them [the disbelievers]; [meaning] I swear by this city.
19302 - On the authority of Mujāhid, regarding "I do swear by this city," meaning Makkah. "While you are a settler in this city," meaning the Messenger of Allāh, may Allāh bless him and grant him peace; he says: You are in a state of permissibility regarding what you do within it.
19303 - On the authority of Qatādah, regarding "I do swear by this city," he said: Makkah. "While you are a settler in this city," he said: You are in it, neither restricted nor sinful.
19304 - On the authority of al-Ḥasan, regarding "While you are a settler in this city," he said: Allāh made it lawful for Muḥammad, may Allāh bless him and grant him peace, for an hour of the day on the day of the Conquest.
19305 - On the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, regarding "While you are a settler in this city," meaning Muḥammad, may Allāh bless him and grant him peace; he says: You are a settler in the Sanctuary, so kill if you wish, or refrain.
19306 - On the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, regarding "I do swear by this city, while you are a settler in this city," he said: Allāh sanctified Makkah on the day He created the heavens and the earth, so it is a sanctuary until the Hour arises. It was not made lawful for any human being except for the Messenger of Allāh, may Allāh bless him and grant him peace, for an hour of the day. Its vegetation may not be cut, its thorny trees may not be felled, its game may not be startled, and its lost property is not lawful except for one who announces it.
His saying, the Almighty: "And by a father and what he begot."
19307 - On the authority of Sharīk, from Khuṣayf, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās, regarding His saying: "And by a father and what he begot," [he said]: The father is the one who begets, and "what he begot" is the barren one who has no children born to him.
(1) Al-Durr 8/519. (2) Al-Durr 8/519. (3) Al-Durr 8/519. (4) Al-Durr 8/519. (5) Al-Durr 8/519. (6) Al-Durr 8/519. (7) Al-Durr 8/519.
سُورَةُ الْبلد
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قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: لا أُقْسِمُ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ وَأَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ
١٩٣٠٠ - عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لا أُقْسِمُ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ قَالَ: مَكَّةُ وَأَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ قَالَ: أَنْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَحِلُّ لَكَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلَ بِهِ، وَأَمَّا غَيْرُكَ فَلا «١» .
١٩٣٠١ - عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: لا أُقْسِمُ قَالَ: لَا رَدًّا عَلَيْهِمْ أُقْسِمُ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ «٢» .
١٩٣٠٢ - عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ لا أُقْسِمُ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ يعني مكة وأنت حل بهذا البلد يعنى رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، يَقُولُ: أنت في حل مما صنعت فيه.
١٩٣٠٣ - عَنِ قتادة لا أُقْسِمُ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ قَالَ: مَكَّةُ وَأَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ قال: أنت به غير حرج ولا آثم «٣» .
١٩٣٠٤ - عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَأَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ قَالَ: أَحَلَّهَا اللَّهُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارِ يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ «٤» .
١٩٣٠٥ - عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ وأنت حل بهذا البلد يَعْنِي مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: أَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِالْحَرَمِ فَاقْتُلْ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَوْ دَعْ «٥» .
١٩٣٠٦ - عَنْ عَطَاءٍ لا أُقْسِمُ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ وَأَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، فَهِيَ حَرَامٌ إِلَى أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ، لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِبَشَرٍ إِلا لرسول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ، وَلا يَخْتَلِي خَلاهَا، وَلا يَعْضِدُ عَضَاهَا، وَلا يَنْفِرُ صَيْدُهَا، وَلا تَحِلُّ لَقْطَتُهَا إِلا لِمُعَرِّفٍ «٦» .
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ
١٩٣٠٧ - عَنْ شَرِيكٌ عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلُهُ: وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ الْوَالِدُ: الَّذِي يَلِدُ، وَمَا وَلَدَ: الْعَاقِرُ الَّذِي لا يُولَدُ له «٧» .
