a dream, and I will not hasten until I am sure." He came again on the second night in his dream and it was said to him: "Kill the man," but he did not do it. Then he refused on the third night, and it was said to him: "Kill the man, or the punishment from Allah the Almighty will come upon you." So Dawud (David), peace be upon him, sent for the man and said: "Allah has commanded me to kill you." The man said: "You will kill me without evidence or verification?" He said: "Yes, by Allah, I will surely execute the command of Allah regarding you." The man said to him: "Do not be hasty with me until I inform you. By Allah, I did not take this [life] for the reason you think, but I had ambushed the father of this man and killed him, and for that, I was seized." Dawud, peace be upon him, ordered him to be killed, so he was killed. His awe intensified among the Children of Israel, and through this, He strengthened his kingdom. This is the saying of Allah the Almighty: "And We strengthened his kingdom" (1).
His saying, the Almighty: "And We gave him wisdom."
18341 - From Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, regarding "And We gave him wisdom," he said: He was given understanding (2).
18342 - From Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, may Allah be pleased with him, he said: The first to say "Amma ba'd" (Now then) was Dawud, peace be upon him, and it is the "decisive speech" (3).
18343 - From Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: Dawud, peace be upon him, mentioned to himself that he would be tested, and it was said to him: "You will be tested, and you will know the day on which you will be tested, so take your precautions." It was said to him: "This is the day you will be tested." He took the Zabur (Psalms), entered the private chamber, locked the door of the chamber, placed the Zabur in his lap, seated an attendant at the door, and said: "Do not let anyone in to see me today."
While he was reading the Zabur, a golden bird came—one of the most beautiful birds imaginable, possessing every color—and it began to pace in front of him. It drew near to him, making it possible for him to take it, so he reached out with his hand to seize it, but it flew above him to the vent of the chamber. He drew near to it to take it, but it flew [away]. He leaned over to look where it had landed, and there was a woman by her pool bathing from her menstruation. When she saw his shadow, she moved her head and covered her entire body with her hair. Her husband was a fighter in the path of Allah...
(1) Al-Durr 7/154. (2) Al-Durr 7/154. (3) Al-Durr 7/154. (4) Ibn Kathir said: The exegetes cited a story that largely draws from the Isra'iliyyat (Israelite traditions), and no hadith has been established from the Infallible (the Prophet) that must be followed regarding it. Ibn Abi Hatim narrated a hadith whose chain of narration is not sound; therefore, it is better to limit oneself to merely reciting the story and referring its knowledge to Allah the Almighty, for the Quran is truth, and what it contains is also truth—see 7/51.
رُؤْيَا وَلَسْتُ أَعْجَلَ حَتَّى أَثْبُتَ فَأَتَى اللَّيْلَةَ الثانية فِي مَنَامِهِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: اقْتُلِ الرَّجُلَ فَلَمْ يفعل ثم أبى اللَّيْلَةَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: اقْتُلِ الرَّجُلَ أَوْ تَأْتِيكَ الْعُقُوبَةُ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَأَرْسَلَ دَاوُدُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْتُلَكَ فَقَالَ: تَقْتُلُنِي بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ وَلا تَثَبُّتٌ قَالَ: نَعَمْ وَاللَّهِ لانَفِّذَنَّ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ فِيكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ: لَا تَعْجَلْ عَلَيَّ حَتَّى أُخْبِرَكَ إِنِي وَاللَّهِ مَا أَخَذْتُ بِهَذَا الذَّنْبِ وَلَكِنِّي كُنْتُ اغْتَلْتُ وَالِدَ هَذَا فَقَتَلْتُهُ فَبِذَلِكَ أَخَذْتُ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ دَاوُدُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَقُتِلَ فَاشْتَدَتْ هَيْبَتُهُ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَشَدَّدَ بِهِ مُلْكَهُ فَهُوَ قَوَلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُ «١» .
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ
١٨٣٤١ - عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ قَالَ: أُعْطِيَ الْفَهْمَ «٢» .
١٨٣٤٢ - عَنِ أََبِِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَالَ: «أَمَّا بَعْدُ» دَاوُدُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، وَهُوَ فَصْلُ الخطاب «٣» .
١٨٣٤٣ - عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا إِنَّ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ أَنَّهُ ابْتُلِيَ أَنْ يَعْتَصِمَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّكَ ستبتلى، وَسَتَعْلَمُ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي تُبْتَلَى فِيهِ، فَخُذْ حِذْرَكَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي تُبْتَلَى فِيهِ فَأَخَذَ الزَّبُورَ، وَدَخَلَ الْمِحْرَابَ، وَأَغْلَقَ بَابَ الْمِحْرَابِ وَأَدْخَلَ الزَّبُورَ فِي حِجْرِهِ، وَأَقْعَدَ مُنْصِفًا عَلَى الْبَابِ وَقَالَ: لَا تَأْذَنْ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيَّ الْيَوْمَ.
فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ يَقْرَأُ الزَّبُورَ إِذْ جَاءَ طَائِرٌ مُذَهَّبٌ «٤» كَأَحْسَنِ مَا يَكُونُ الطَّيْرُ، فِيهِ مِنْ كُلِّ لَوْنٍ فَجَعَلَ يَدْرُجُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَدَنَا مِنْهُ فأمكن أن يأخذه، فتناوله بيده ليأخذه فَطَارَ فَوْقَهُ عَلَى كُوَّةِ الْمِحْرَابِ، فَدَنَا مِنْهُ لِيَأْخُذَهُ فَطَارَ فَأَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِ لِيَنْظُرَ أَيْنَ وَقَعَ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِامْرَأَةٍ، عِنْدَ بِرْكَتِهَا تَغْتَسِلُ مِنَ الْحَيْضِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ ظِلَّهُ حَرَّكَتْ رَأْسَهَا فَغَطَّتْ جسدها أجمع
(١) الدر ٧/ ١٥٤.(٢) الدر ٧/ ١٥٤.(٣) الدر ٧/ ١٥٤.(٤) قال ابن كثير: أورد المفسرون قصة أكثر ما يأخذ من الإسرائيليات، ولم يثبت فيها، عن المعصوم حديث يجب اتباعه، وروى ابن ابى حاتم حديثا لا يصلح سنده فالأولى أن يقتصر على مجرد تلاوة القصة وأن يرد علمها إلى الله عز وجل، فإن القرآن حق وما تضمن فهو حق أيضا- انظر ٧/ ٥١.
