than some others, and I judge in his favor; for if I judge in favor of him for the right of a Muslim, it is only a piece of fire, so let him take it or leave it.”

This noble verse and this hadith indicate that the judgment of a ruler does not change a matter in reality. It does not make lawful in reality that which is unlawful, nor does it make unlawful that which is lawful. It is merely binding in outward appearance; if it happens to conform to the truth in reality, then that is so, and if not, the ruler has his reward, and the one who deceives bears his sin.

[1704: oppressive: 3: Tafsir Mujahid (1/98)]

322: 1707: their wives: 1: Tafsir Ibn Kathir (1/225)

[1708: and Qatada: 2: Tafsir Abd al-Razzaq (1/89)]

323: 1709: its doors: 1: Tafsir Ibn Kathir (1/226)

[1710: its doors: 2: The previous source]

324: 1712: you may succeed: 1: Tafsir Ibn Kathir (1/226)

326: 1725: the polytheists: 1: It is narrated in the Sahih on the authority of Buraydah that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to say: “Go on a military expedition in the way of Allah, fight those who disbelieve in Allah, go on an expedition, do not act treacherously, do not break your oaths, do not mutilate, and do not kill the newborn or those in the hermitages.”

It was narrated by al-Darimi (2/215), Ibn Kathir (1/328), al-Manthur (1/245, 3/206), Ibn Abi Shaybah (12/328), al-Mughni 'an Haml al-Asfar (2/224), and Ithaf (6/337).

On the authority of Ibn Abbas, he said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would send out his armies, he would say: “Go forth in the name of Allah; fight”