205, 9/71), al-Hakim (3/538, 539), al-Tabarani (10/330, 11/310, 315, 19/419), al-Shafi'i (1483), al-Daraqutni (3/113), Ibn Abi Shaybah (10/139, 143, 12/262, 390, 14/270), Abd al-Razzaq (9413), Talkhis (3/173, 4/48), Nasb al-Rayah (3/407), al-Majma' (6/261), al-Mishkat (3533), Sharh al-Sunnah (10/238), al-Kanz (387, 391, 392), al-Tamhid (5/304, 305, 316), Ibn Kathir (4/526), al-Qurtubi (3/47), and al-Irwa' (8/124).

388: 2044: Khamr (Wine/Intoxicant): 1: His statement: "al-Khamr" is derived from "khamara," meaning to cover, and from this is the woman's "khimar" (veil). Everything that covers something else has "khammarahu" (covered it), and from this is the instruction: "Cover (khammiru) your vessels." Thus, al-khamr covers the intellect, meaning it veils and conceals it. From this also is the dense foliage of trees, which is called "al-khamr"—with a fathah on the mim—because it covers and conceals what is beneath it. It is said: "akhmarat al-ard" (the earth produced abundant vegetation/khamr). The poet said: "O Zayd and al-Dahhak, proceed, for you have passed beyond the thicket (khamr) of the road."

389: 2044: Intellect: 1: Tafsir Ibn Kathir (1/255).

: 2046: Khamr: 2: al-Matalib (1773), Tafsir Ibn Kathir (3/171), and in the wording: "Wine (khamr) is forbidden in its essence, whether a little or a lot of it." Nasb al-Rayah (4/306), al-'Uqayli (4/124, 191), and Abu Hanifah (2/183, 184).

390: 2048: This: 1: His statement: "This intoxicant (khamr) of yours" means the juice of grapes, and what is meant by it is the wine (khamr).