1911: 10121. After them (ba'dahum): 1: Tafsir Mujahid: (1/289).
: 10123. To them (ilayhim): 2: Al-Qurtubi said regarding His saying, the Almighty, "so that they may gain understanding": The pronoun in "so that they may gain understanding" and "so that they may warn" refers to those who remained with the Prophet (peace be upon him). This is what Qatada and Mujahid said. Al-Hasan said: Both refer to the group that went out (on an expedition), and al-Tabari chose this view. The meaning of "gain understanding in the religion" is: to gain insight and certainty through what Allah shows them of victory over the polytheists and the support of the religion.
1912: 10131. To them (ilayhim): 1: His saying, the Almighty, "when they return to them," meaning: from the jihad, they inform them of Allah the Almighty's victory for His Prophet and the believers, and that they (the enemies) are no match for fighting them or fighting the Prophet (peace be upon him), so what befell their companions among the disbelievers will befall them. This concludes the words of al-Qurtubi.
1913: 10132. All of them (kulluhum): 1: Tafsir Mujahid: (1/289).
: 10136. The disbelievers (al-kuffar): 2: Al-Qurtubi said in the interpretation of this verse: It contains one issue—which is that He, Glory be to Him, taught them the manner of jihad, and that one should begin with the closest enemy, then the next closest. This is why the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) began with the Arabs, and when he finished with them, he targeted the Romans, and they were in the Levant (al-Sham).
Al-Hasan said: It was revealed before the Prophet (peace be upon him) was ordered to fight the polytheists, so it is of the graduation (gradual implementation) that existed before Islam. Ibn Zayd said: The intent of this verse—at the time of its revelation—was the Arabs, and when he finished with them, the verse "Fight those who do not believe in Allah" was revealed regarding the Romans and others.
: 10136. Al-Daylam: 3: See, Tafsir al-Qurtubi: (5/3136).
1914: 10140. Severity (shiddah): 1: Tafsir al-Qurtubi: (5/3137). In the hadith: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "I am the smiling, fighting one (al-dahuk al-qattal)." See, Tafsir Ibn Kathir: (2/402).
