'Ata' b. Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id b. Jubayr, regarding the saying of Allah: "two witnesses from your men," meaning: Muslim freemen.
2986 - Abu Sa'id b. Harun narrated to us, Ishaq b. al-Hajjaj reported to us, Abu Zuhayr reported to us, from Juwaybir, from al-Dahhak, regarding His saying: "and bring to witness two witnesses from your men," he said: Allah, the Exalted, ordered that you bring as witnesses two just men from among your men.
His saying, the Almighty, the Majestic: "then if there are not two men, then a man and two women"
2987 - My father narrated to us, Ahmad b. 'Abd al-Rahman reported to us, from his father, from al-Rabi' b. Anas: "then if there are not two men, then a man and two women," and that is in [matters of] debt.
2988 - My father narrated to us, Hisham b. Khalid reported to us, Khalid b. Yazid b. 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Malik reported to us, from his father, Yazid b. 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Malik: The testimony of four women in place of two men is not permissible in rights [claims], and their testimony is not permissible unless there is a man with them. The testimony of one man and one woman is not permissible, because Allah, the Exalted, said: "and bring to witness two witnesses from your men; then if there are not two men, then a man and two women from those whom you approve as witnesses."
[His saying, the Exalted: "from those whom you approve as witnesses"]
[The first interpretation]
2989 - Muhammad b. Isma'il al-Ahmas narrated to us, Waki' reported to us, from Ibn Jurayj, from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, he said: I asked Ibn 'Abbas about the testimony of children, and Ibn 'Abbas said: Allah said: "from those whom you approve as witnesses," and they are not among those whom we approve.
[The second interpretation]
2990 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Ibn Idris reported to us, from his father, from al-A'mash, from Ibrahim, regarding His saying: "from those whom you approve as witnesses," he said: From those against whom no sin is known.
[The third interpretation]
2991 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Safwan reported to us, al-Walid reported to us, Bukayr b. Ma'ruf reported to us, from Muqatil b. Hayyan, regarding the saying of Allah: "from those whom you approve as witnesses," He commands bringing just witnesses from [among] the men and women.
حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ يعني: مسلمين احرار.
٢٩٨٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ هَارُونَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، ثنا أَبُو زُهَيْرٍ عَنْ جُوَيْبِرٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ قَالَ: أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ تُشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ.
قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ
٢٩٨٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ وَذَلِكَ فِي الدَّيْنِ.
٢٩٨٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا هِشَامُ بن خالد، ابنا خالد بن يزيد بن عبد الرحمن ابن أَبِي مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي مَالِكٍ: وَلا يَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ أَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ مَكَانَ رَجُلَيْنِ، فِي الْحُقُوقِ، وَلا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُنَّ إِلا مَعَهُنَّ رَجُلٌ. وَلا يَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ رَجُلٍ وَامْرَأَةٍ، لأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ
[قوله تعالى: ممن ترضون من الشهداء]
[الوجه الأول]
٢٩٨٩ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الأَحْمَسُ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ شَهَادَةِ الصِّبْيَانِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: قَالَ اللَّهُ: مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ وَلَيْسُوا مِمَّنْ نَرْضَى.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٢٩٩٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ قَالَ مِمَّنْ لَا يُعْلَمُ عَلَيْهِ خَوْبَةٌ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٢٩٩١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا صَفْوَانُ، ثنا الْوَلِيدُ، ثنا بُكَيْرُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ يَأْمُرُ بِإِشْهَادِ الْعَدْلِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ.
