Ishaq: His saying: "Alif. Lam. Mim. Allah! There is no god except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer." He opened the Surah by clearing Himself of what they said, and by affirming His oneness in creation and command, in which He has no partner. He refuted the disbelief they innovated and the rivals they set up alongside Him, and He argued against them using their own statements regarding their companion so that they might recognize their error through it. He said: "Allah! There is no god except Him," meaning: there is no partner with Him in His command.
His saying (the Exalted): "The Ever-Living."
3126 - 'Ali b. al-Husayn narrated to us, Muhammad b. 'Isa reported to us, 'Amr b. Humran reported to us, from Sa'id, from Qatada regarding His saying: "The Ever-Living," [meaning] the Ever-Living who does not die. A similar account was narrated from al-Rabi' b. Anas.
[His saying: "The Sustainer."]
[The first view]
3127 - Hajjaj b. Hamza narrated to us, Shababa reported to us, Warqa' reported to us, from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid regarding His saying: "The Sustainer," [meaning] the One who stands over everything.
3128 - My father narrated to us, Musa b. Isma'il reported to us, Salam b. Abi Muti' reported to us, from Qatada regarding His saying: "The Ever-Living, the Sustainer," [meaning] the One who stands over the creation regarding their deeds, their provisions, and their appointed terms. A similar account was narrated from al-Rabi' b. Anas.
The second view:
3129 - My father narrated to us, al-Hasan b. al-Rabi' reported to us, 'Abd Allah b. Idris reported to us, Muhammad b. Ishaq reported to us regarding His saying: "The Ever-Living, the Sustainer," [meaning] the One who remains upon His station, who does not cease to be; whereas 'Isa was flesh and blood, and since it was decreed for him to die, he passed away from the state in which he was formed.
3130 - 'Ali b. al-Husayn narrated to us, 'Isa al-Sa'igh in Baghdad reported to us, Suwayd b. 'Abd al-'Aziz reported to us, from Sufyan b. Husayn, from al-Hasan: "The Sustainer," [meaning] the One for whom there is no cessation.
His saying (the Exalted): "He has revealed to you the Book."
[The first view]
3131 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Talid b. Sulayman reported to us, from 'Ata' b. al-Sa'ib, from
(1). Al-Tafsir 1/121
إِسْحَاقَ: قَوْلُهُ: الم اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ الْحَيُّ القيوم فَفَتَحَ السُّورَةَ بِتَبْرِئَتِهِ نَفْسِهِ مِمَّا قَالُوا، وَتَوحِيدِهِ إِيَّاهَا بِالْخَلْقِ وَالأَمْرِ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ فِيهِ، وَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا ابْتَدَعُوا مِنَ الْكُفْرِ وَجَعَلُوا مَعَهُ مِنَ الأَنْدَادِ، وَاحْتِجَاجًا عَلَيْهِمْ بِقَوْلِهِمْ فِي صَاحِبِهِمْ لِيَعْرِفُوا بِذَلِكَ ضَلالَتَهُمْ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ أَيْ: لَيْسَ مَعَهُ غَيْرُهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي أَمْرِهِ.
قوله تَعَالَى: الْحَيُّ
٣١٢٦ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ: قَوْلُهُ: الْحَيُّ الْحَيُّ الَّذِي لَا يَمُوتُ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
[قوله: القيوم]
[الوجه الأول]
٣١٢٧ - حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، ثنا شَبَابَةُ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ «١»
قَوْلُهُ: الْقَيُّومُ الْقَائِمُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ.
٣١٢٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا سَلامُ بْنُ أَبِي مُطِيعٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ الْقَيِّمُ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ بِأَعْمَالِهِمْ وَأَرْزَاقِهِمْ وَآجَالِهِمْ- وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٣١٢٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَوْلُهُ: الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ الْقَائِمُ عَلَى مَكَانَتِهِ الَّذِي لَا يَزُولُ، وَعِيسَى لَحْمٌ وَدَمٌ، وَقَدْ قَضَى عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَوْتِ زَالَ عَنْ مَكَانِهِ الَّذِي يُحْدِثُ بِهِ.
٣١٣٠ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا عِيسَى الصَّائِغُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْقَيُّومُ الَّذِي لَا زَوَالَ لَهُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: نَزَّلَ عليك الكتاب
[الوجه الأول]
٣١٣١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا تَلِيدُ بْنُ سليمان عن عطاء بن السائب عن
(١) . التفسير ١/ ١٢١
