Sufyan b. Sa'id al-Thawri, from Mansur b. al-Mu'tamir, from Abu Razin regarding "and because you have been studying it," he said: The study (mudhakara) of Fiqh. They used to study Fiqh together just as we study it together.
Abu Muhammad said: It has been narrated from Talhah b. Musarrif, Sufyan al-Thawri, and Waki' that they said: The understanding (dirayah) of Fiqh.
His saying, the Exalted: "And he does not order you to take the angels and the prophets as lords. Would he order you to disbelief after you have been Muslims?"
3756 - Muhammad b. Yahya narrated to us, Muhammad b. 'Amr Zinj narrated to us, Salamah narrated to us, Muhammad b. Ishaq said, Muhammad b. Abi Muhammad said, and Abu Nafi' al-Qurazi said: When the scholars (ahbar) of the Jews and the Christians of the people of Najran gathered before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and he invited them to Islam, they said: "Do you want from us, O Muhammad, that we worship you just as the Christians worship 'Isa b. Maryam?" He said: A man from the people of Najran, a Christian who was called the President (al-Ra'is), said: "Or is that what you want from us, O Muhammad, and that is what you are calling us to?" He said: So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "I seek refuge in Allah from worshipping other than Allah or ordering [people] to worship other than Him. It was not for that that I was sent, nor did He command me," or as he (peace and blessings be upon him) said. Then Allah the Exalted revealed regarding that [statement of] theirs: "And he does not order you to take the angels and the prophets as lords. Would he order you to disbelief after you have been Muslims?"
His saying, the Exalted: "And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets"
[The First Aspect]
3757 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Abu Nu'aym narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Habib b. Abi Thabit, from Sa'id b. Jubayr, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets," he said: He only took the covenant of the prophets regarding their people.
The Second Aspect:
3758 - al-Hasan b. Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq informed us, Ma'mar informed us, from Ibn Tawus, from his father regarding "And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets," he said: Allah took the covenant of the prophets that they should believe in one another.
His saying, the Exalted: "for what I have given you of the Book and wisdom"
[The First Aspect]
3759 - Ahmad b. 'Uthman b. Hakim narrated to us, Ahmad b. Mufaddal narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from
(1). Al-Tafsir 1/130.
سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ، عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَدْرُسُونَ قَالَ: مُذَاكَرَةُ الْفِقْهِ كَانُوا يَتَذَاكَرُونَ الْفِقْهَ كَمَا نَتَذَاكَرُهُ نَحْنُ.
قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَوَكِيعٍ قَالُوا: دِرَايَةُ الْفِقْهِ
قَولُهُ تَعَالَى: وَلا يَأْمُرَكُمْ أَنْ تَتَّخِذُوا الْمَلَائِكَةَ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ أَرْبَابًا أَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ إذ أنتم مسلمون
٣٧٥٦ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عمرو زينج، ثنا سَلَمَةُ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ، وَقَالَ أَبُو نَافِعٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ حِينَ اجْتَمَعَتِ الأَحْبَارُ مِنْ يَهُودٍ وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ: أَتُرِيدُ مِنَّا يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَنْ نَعْبُدَكَ كَمَا تَعْبُدُ النصارى عيسى بن مَرْيَمَ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ نصراني يقال له: الرئيس: أو ذاك تريد منا يا محمد وإليه تدعوا وكما قَالَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ نَعْبُدَ غَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَوْ نَأْمُرَ بِعِبَادَةِ غَيْرِهِ، مَا بِذَلِكَ بَعَثَنِي وألا أَمَرَنِي أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا وَلا يَأْمُرَكُمْ أَنْ تَتَّخِذُوا الْمَلَائِكَةَ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ أَرْبَابًا أَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ إِذْ أَنتُم مُّسْلِمُونَ
قَولُهُ تَعَالَى: وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ
[الوجه الأول]
٣٧٥٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَعْنِي قَوْلُهُ: وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا أَخَذَ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِمْ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٣٧٥٨ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ «١» أَنْبَأَ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ قَالَ: أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ أَنْ يُصَدِّقَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا.
قَولُهُ تَعَالَى: لَمَا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كتاب وحكمة
[الوجه الأول]
٣٧٥٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُفَضَّلٍ، ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ عَنِ
(١) . التفسير ١/ ١٣٠.
