"while to Him has submitted whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly and by compulsion, and to Him they will be returned." Every human being has confessed to himself, 'Allah is my Lord, and I worship Him.' This is he who has submitted by compulsion. And among them are those who testified, 'Allah is my Lord, and I am His servant,' then he made his worship sincere to Him; this is he who has submitted to Him willingly.
The Second Aspect:
3777 - Hajjaj b. Hamzah narrated to us, Shababah narrated to us, Warqa' narrated to us, from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid, regarding his saying: "willingly and by compulsion," he said: The prostration of the believer is willingly, and the prostration of the disbeliever is while he is compelled.
The Third Aspect:
3778 - Al-Hasan b. Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq informed us, Ma'mar informed us, from Qatadah regarding His saying: "while to Him has submitted whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly and by compulsion." He said: As for the believer, he has submitted willingly, and as for the disbeliever, he submitted when he saw the might of Allah, for their faith would not have benefited them when they saw Our might.
The Fourth Aspect:
3779 - 'Ali b. al-Husayn narrated to us, al-Muqaddami narrated to us, 'Umar b. 'Ali narrated to us, from Sa'id b. al-Marzuban, from 'Ikrimah regarding "while to Him has submitted whoever is in the heavens and the earth," he said: "He has submitted whoever is in the heavens and the earth," then he started a new clause: "willingly and by compulsion." So those who submitted from among them by compulsion are the polytheists of the Arabs, the captives, and whoever entered Islam by compulsion.
His saying, the Exalted: "and to Him they will be returned."
3780 - 'Isam b. Rawwad narrated to us, Adam narrated to us, Abu Ja'far narrated to us, from al-Rabi', from Abu al-'Aliyah regarding "and to Him they will be returned," he said: They will be returned to Him after life.
His saying, the Exalted: "Say, 'We have believed in Allah and in what was revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, and Jacob'"
3781 - Ahmad b. Sinan narrated to us, 'Abd al-Rahman b. Mahdi narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Sa'd b. Ibrahim, from 'Ata' b. Yasar, he said: The Jews used to come to the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and they would narrate to them, and they would deem it true. They mentioned that to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and he said: 'Do not confirm them and do not deny them; rather, say: We have believed in Allah.'
(1). Al-Tafsir 1/131. (2). Surah Ghafir: verse 85.
وَلَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا وَإِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ كُلُّ آدَمَيٍّ قَدْ أَقَرَّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَأَنَا أَعْبُدُهُ، فَهَذَا أَشْرَكَ فِي عِبَادَتِهِ فَهَذَا الَّذِي أَسْلَمَ كَرْهًا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَأَنَا عَبْدُهُ ثُمَّ أَخْلَصَ لَهُ الْعُبُودِيَّةَ فَهَذَا الَّذِي أَسْلَمَ لَهُ طَوْعًا.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٣٧٧٧ - حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، ثنا شَبَابَةُ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قوله: طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا قَالَ: سُجُودُ الْمُؤْمِنِ طَائِعًا وَسُجُودُ الْكَافِرِ وَهُوَ كَارِهٌ.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٣٧٧٨ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ «١» ، أَنْبَأَ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَلَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السماوات وَالأَرْضِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا قَالَ: أَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنُ فَأَسْلَمَ طَائِعًا، وَأَمَّا الْكَافِرُ فَأَسْلَمَ حِينَ رَأَى بَأْسَ اللَّهِ فَلَمْ يَكُ يَنْفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا «٢»
الْوَجْهُ الرَّابِعُ:
٣٧٧٩ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُرْزُبَانِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ وَلَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَنْ في السماوات وَالأَرْضِ قَالَ: أَسْلَمَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْنَفَ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا، فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ كَرْهًا: مشركوا الْعَرَبِ وَالسَّبَايَا، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ الإِسْلامَ كَرْهًا.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَإِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ
٣٧٨٠ - حَدَّثَنَا عِصَامُ بْنُ رَوَّادٍ، ثنا آدَمُ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ وَإِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ قَالَ: يُرْجَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْدَ الْحَيَاةِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: قُلْ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ
٣٧٨١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: كَانَ الْيَهُودُ يَجِيئُونَ إِلَى أصحاب النبي
(١) . التفسير ١/ ١٣١.(٢) . سورة غافر: آية ٨٥.
