The fifth viewpoint:
2073 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah b. Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali b. Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding His saying: "And they ask you what they should spend. Say, 'The excess (al-'afw)'," he says: That which is not missed from your wealth, and this was before charity was made obligatory.
2074 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, 'Amr b. Hammad narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi: "And they ask you what they should spend. Say, 'The excess'," he says: The surplus. This was abrogated by Zakat. Abu Muhammad said: It is also narrated from 'Ata' al-Khurasani similar to that.
His saying, the Exalted: "Thus does Allah make clear to you the signs, that you might reflect upon the world and the Hereafter."
[The first viewpoint]
2075 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah b. Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali b. Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas: "Thus does Allah make clear to you the signs, that you might reflect upon the world and the Hereafter," meaning: Upon the passing of the world and its perishing, and the arrival of the Hereafter and its permanence.
2076 - My father narrated to us, Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Tanafisi narrated to us, Abu Usamah narrated to us, from al-Sa'q al-Tamimi, he said: I witnessed al-Hasan, and he read this verse in al-Baqarah: "That you might reflect upon the world and the Hereafter." He said: It is, by Allah, for whoever reflects upon them to know that the world is a dwelling of trial, then a dwelling of perishing; and to know that the abode of the Hereafter is a dwelling of reward, then a dwelling of permanence.
The second viewpoint:
2077 - Al-Hasan b. Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq informed us, Ma'mar informed us, from Qatadah: "That you might reflect upon the world and the Hereafter," so that you may know the superiority of the Hereafter over the world.
His saying, the Exalted: "And they ask you about the orphans. Say, 'Improvement for them is best.'"
2078 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, 'Ubayd Allah b. Musa narrated to us, from Isra'il, from al-Suddi, from the one who narrated to him, from Ibn 'Abbas: "And they ask you about the orphans. Say, 'Improvement for them is best. And if you mix your affairs with theirs, they are your brothers. And Allah knows the corrupter from the amender."
He said: Whoever intentionally consumes the wealth of the orphan, and whoever acts with caution regarding it, does not fail to improve it.
الْوَجْهُ الْخَامِسُ:
٢٠٧٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ويسئلونك ماذا ينفقون قل العفو يَقُولُ: مَا لَا يَتَبَيَّنُ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَكَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُفْرَضَ الصَّدَقَةُ.
٢٠٧٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ، عن السدي ويسئلونك مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ يَقُولُ: الْفَضْلُ هَذَا نَسَخَتْهُ الزَّكَاةُ. قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ في الدنيا والآخرة
[الوجه الأول]
٢٠٧٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ يَعْنِي: فِي زَوَالِ الدُّنْيَا وَفَنَائِهَا وَإِقْبَالِ الآخِرَةِ وَبَقَائِهَا.
٢٠٧٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الطَّنَافِسِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الصَّعْقِ التَّمِيمِيِّ، قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ الْحَسَنَ، وَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ فِي الْبَقَرَةِ: لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ قَالَ: هِيَ وَاللَّهِ لِمَنْ تَفَكَّرَ فِيهَا لِيَعْلَمَ أَنَّ الدُّنْيَا دَارَ بَلاءٍ ثُمَّ دَارَ فَنَاءٍ وَلِيَعْلَمَ أَنَّ دَارَ الآخِرَةِ، دَارُ جَزَاءٍ، ثُمَّ دَارُ بَقَاءٍ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٢٠٧٧ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنْبَأَ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ فَتَعْرِفُوا فَضْلَ الْآخِرَةِ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ويسئلونك عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ
٢٠٧٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ مَنْ حَدَّثَهُ، عن ابن عباس: ويسئلونك عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ
قَالَ: مَنْ يَتَعَمَّدْ أَكَلَ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ، وَمَنْ يَتَحَرَّجْ عَنْهُ، لَا يَأْلُو عَنْ إِصْلاحِهِ.
