2079 - I read to Muhammad b. al-Fadl b. Musa: Muhammad b. 'Ali b. al-Hasan narrated to us, Muhammad b. Muzahim informed us, Bukayr b. Ma'ruf narrated to us, from Muqatil b. Hayyan, regarding His saying: "And they ask you about the orphans. Say, 'Improvement for them is best,'" meaning: Those who are in charge of the orphans' wealth, he says: Improving [the state of] the orphans is best. Abu Muhammad said: It is also narrated from al-Suddi, Sa'id b. Jubayr, and Ibrahim, similar to that.
His saying: "Say, 'Improvement for them is best.'"
2080 - Yunus b. 'Abd al-A'la informed us by way of reading: Ibn Wahb narrated to us, Ibn Lahi'ah informed me, from 'Aqil b. Khalid, who said: I asked Ibn Shihab about the saying of Allah the Exalted: "Say, 'Improvement for them is best.'" He said: You see that it is best for them that their property be kept separate, on its own, and not mixed with any other. And whoever sees that mixing their wealth with his own is more beneficial for them and better for the management of their property, then he may do that with them if it is better for them.
His saying, the Exalted: "And if you mix your affairs with theirs."
2081 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, 'Imran b. 'Uyaynah narrated to us, from 'Ata' b. al-Sa'ib, from Sa'id b. Jubayr, from Ibn 'Abbas, he said: When "Indeed, those who consume the wealth of orphans unjustly" was revealed, every man who had an orphan under his guardianship would set his wealth aside separately. This was burdensome for the Muslims, so Allah revealed: "And if you mix your affairs with theirs, they are your brothers. And Allah knows the corrupter from the amender." Thus, He made mixing them lawful for them.
2082 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, 'Ubayd Allah b. Musa narrated to us, from Isra'il, from al-Suddi, from the one who narrated to him, from Ibn 'Abbas: "And if you mix your affairs with theirs, they are your brothers," he said: Mixing is for you to drink from his milk and him to drink from your milk, to eat from his bowl and him to eat from your bowl, and to eat from his produce and him to eat from your produce.
2083 - Abu Sa'id b. Yahya b. Sa'id al-Qattan narrated to us, Abu Dawud narrated to us, from Zam'ah, from Ibn Tawus, from his father, regarding His saying: "And if you mix your affairs with theirs, they are your brothers," he said: This is when your food is better than his food.
2084 - Hajjaj b. Hamzah narrated to us, Shababah narrated to us, Warqa' narrated to us, from Ibn Najih, from Mujahid, regarding His saying: "And if you mix your affairs with theirs, they are your brothers," he said: Mixing with the orphan in herding and in broth.
٢٠٧٩ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُوسَى، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ، ثنا بُكَيْرُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حيان. قوله: ويسئلونك عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ يَعْنِي: الَّذِينَ يَلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى، يَقُولُ: إِصْلاحُ الْيَتَامَى خَيْرٌ قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ
قوله: قُلْ إِصْلاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ
٢٠٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى قِرَاءَةً، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ عَقِيلِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: قُلْ إِصْلاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ قَالَ: فَتَرَى أَنَّ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ أَنْ يَصْلُحَ ما لهم مَعْزُولا عَلَى حِدَتِهِ، وَلا يُلْبَسُ بِغَيْرِهِ.
وَمَنْ كَانَ يَرَى أَنَّ خَلْطَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ بِمَالِهِ أَزْيَدُ لَهُمْ وَأَصْلَحُ لِلْقِيَامِ عَلَى أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَيَرَى أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ إِنْ كَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ
٢٠٨١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا جُعِلَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ فِي حِجْرِهِ يَتِيمٌ، يَعْزِلُ مَالَهُ عَلَى حِدَةٍ. فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ فَأَحَلَّ لَهُمْ خُلْطَتَهُمْ.
٢٠٨٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ مَنْ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ قَالَ:
الْمُخَالَطَةُ: أَنْ تَشْرَبَ مِنْ لَبَنِهِ، وَيَشْرَبَ مِنْ لَبَنِكَ، وَتَأْكُلَ مِنْ قَصْعَتِهِ وَيَأْكُلَ مِنْ قَصْعَتِكَ، وَتَأْكُلَ مِنْ ثَمَرَتِهِ، وَيَأْكُلَ مِنْ ثَمَرَتِكِ.
٢٠٨٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ زَمْعَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَوْلُهُ: وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ قَالَ: هَذَا إِذَا كَانَ طَعَامُكَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ.
٢٠٨٤ - حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، ثنا شَبَابَةُ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ، عن ابن نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَوْلُهُ: وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ قَالَ: مُخَالَطَةُ الْيَتِيمِ فِي الرَّعْيِ وَالأُدْمِ.
