The Fourth View:
2099 - Muhammad b. Isma'il al-Ahmas narrated to us, Waki' narrated to us, from Ja'far b. Burqan, from Maymun b. Mihran, from Ibn 'Umar, that he disliked the marriage of the People of the Scripture, and he interpreted [the verse]: "And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe."
The Fifth View:
2100 - I read to Muhammad b. al-Fadl: Muhammad b. 'Ali narrated to us, Muhammad b. Muzahim informed us, Bukayr b. Ma'ruf narrated to us, from Muqatil b. Hayyan, regarding His saying: "And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe," [he said]: It was revealed concerning Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi. He sought the permission of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to marry 'Anaq, and she was a poor woman from Quraysh, and she possessed a share of beauty, and she was a polytheist, while Abu Marthad was, on that day, a Muslim. So he said: O Messenger of Allah, she pleases me. Then Allah revealed: "And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe. And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist, even if she pleases you."
The Sixth View:
2101 - Ja'far b. Muhammad b. Harun b. 'Azrah narrated to us, 'Abd al-Wahhab b. 'Ata' narrated to us, from Sa'id, from Qatadah: "And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe," he said: He means by that the polytheistic women of the Arabs; they have no Scripture that they read.
His saying (the Exalted): "And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist, even if she pleases you."
2102 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, 'Amr b. Hammad narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi: "And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist, even if she pleases you," he said: It was revealed concerning 'Abd Allah b. Rawahah. He had a black slave woman, and he became angry with her and slapped her. Then he became alarmed and went to the Prophet (peace be upon him): What is she, O 'Abd Allah? He said: O Messenger of Allah, she fasts, prays, performs wudu' well, and bears witness that there is no god but Allah, and that you are the Messenger of Allah. So he said: O 'Abd Allah, this is a believing woman. 'Abd Allah said: By the One who sent you with the truth, I will certainly emancipate her and marry her. So he did. People among the Muslims criticized him for it and said: He married a slave woman, for they wanted to marry into the polytheists and give them in marriage, out of desire for their lineage. So Allah (the Exalted) revealed: "And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist."
(1). Ibn Kathir 1/377.
الْوَجْهُ الرَّابِعُ:
٢٠٩٩ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الأَحْمَسُ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ نِكَاحَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَيَتَأَوَّلُ وَلا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ.
الْوَجْهُ الْخَامِسُ:
٢١٠٠ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ، ثنا بُكَيْرُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، قَوْلُهُ: وَلا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي مَرْثَدٍ الْغَنَوِيِّ، اسْتَأْذَنَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي عَنَاقٍ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا، وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ مِسْكِينَةٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَكَانَتْ ذَاتَ حَظٍّ مِنَ الْجَمَالِ، وَهِيَ مُشْرِكَةٌ، وَأَبُو مَرْثَدٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُسْلِمٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهَا تُعْجِبُنِي. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ:
وَلا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ وَلأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ
الْوَجْهُ السَّادِسُ:
٢١٠١ - حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ بْنِ عَزْرَةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ: وَلا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ قَالَ: يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ نِسَاءَ مُشْرِكَاتِ الْعَرَبِ، لَيْسَ لهن كتاب يقرءونه.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَلأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ
٢١٠٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ: وَلأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ، وَكَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ، وَأَنَّهُ غَضِبَ عَلَيْهَا فَلَطَمَهَا، ثُمَّ فَزِعَ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:
مَا هي با عَبْدَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هِيَ تَصُومُ وَتُصَلِّي وَتُحْسِنُ الْوُضُوءَ، وَتَشْهَدُ أَلا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهَ، وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ: هَذِهِ مُؤْمِنَةٌ. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ:
فو الذي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لأُعْتِقَنَّهَا وَلأَتَزَوَّجَنَّهَا. فَفَعَلَ. فَطَعَنَ عَلَيْهِ أُنَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَالُوا: نَكَحَ أَمَةً، وَكَانُوا يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَيُنْكِحُونَهُمْ، رَغْبَةً فِي أَحْسَابِهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَلأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خير من مشركة «١» .
(١) . ابن كثير ١/ ٣٧٧.
