The second interpretation:
2145 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah b. Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali b. Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding: "And do not make Allah an obstacle to your oaths," he says: "Do not make your oath an obstacle against doing good. Rather, perform an expiation (kaffarah) for your oath and do the good." Abu Muhammad (Ibn Abi Hatim) said: It was reported from Masruq, Sa'id b. Jubayr, Ibrahim al-Nakha'i, al-Sha'bi, Mujahid, 'Ata', al-Zuhri, al-Hasan, 'Ikrimah, Tawus, Makhul, Muqatil b. Hayyan, Qatadah, al-Rabi' b. Anas, al-Dahhak, 'Ata' al-Khurasani, and al-Suddi, the like of this.
His saying: "That you might be righteous"
2146 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya b. 'Abd Allah b. Bukayr narrated to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' b. Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id b. Jubayr, regarding His saying: "That you might be righteous," meaning: that you do not maintain kinship.
2147 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, 'Amr b. Hammad narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi, as for: "Righteous," it is that a man swears that he will not be kind to his relative, then he says: "I have already sworn." So Allah commanded them not to use his oath as an excuse between him and his relative, but rather he should be kind to him and pay no heed to his oath.
His saying (the Exalted): "And fear Allah"
2148 - My father narrated to us, al-Nufayli narrated to us, 'Ubayd Allah b. 'Amr narrated to us, from 'Abd al-Karim al-Jazari, regarding the word of Allah: "That you might be righteous and fear Allah," he said: "Piety (taqwa) is that you swear and say: 'I have sworn that I will not free a slave and I will not give charity.'"
His saying: "And make peace between people"
2149 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya b. 'Abd Allah b. Bukayr narrated to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' b. Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id b. Jubayr, regarding the word of Allah: "And fear Allah and make peace between people," he said: "A man would want to make peace between two people, but one of them would make him angry or he would suspect him, so he would swear that he would not speak between them regarding the reconciliation." He said: "That you might reach your kinship, and fear Allah, meaning: and fear Allah and make peace between people; for that is better than fulfilling an oath in a sin."
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٢١٤٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: وَلا تَجْعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرْضَةً لأَيْمَانِكُمْ يَقُولُ: لَا تَجْعَلَنَّ عُرْضَةً لَيَمِينِكَ أَلا تَصْنَعَ الْخَيْرَ وَلَكِنْ كَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكِ وَاصْنَعِ الْخَيْرَ. قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ وَمُجَاهِدٍ وَعَطَاءٍ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ وَالْحَسَنِ وَعِكْرِمَةَ وَطَاوُسَ وَمَكْحُولٍ وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ وَقَتَادَةَ وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَالضَّحَّاكِ وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ وَالسُّدِّيِّ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ
قَوْلُهُ: أَنْ تَبَرُّوا
٢١٤٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ثنا يحى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: أَنْ تَبَرُّوا يَعْنِي: أَلا تَصِلُوا الْقَرَابَةَ.
٢١٤٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ عَنِ السدي وَأَمَّا:
تَبَرُّوا فَالرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ أَلا يَبَرَّ ذَا رَحِمِهِ، فَيَقُولُ: قَدْ حَلَفْتُ. فَأَمَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَلا يُعَرِّضَ بِيَمِينِهِ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ ذِي رَحِمِهِ وَلْيَبَرَّهُ، وَلا يُبَالِي بِيَمِينِهِ.
قوله تَعَالَى: وَتَتَّقُوا
٢١٤٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: أَنْ تَبَرُّوا وَتَتَّقُوا قَالَ: التَّقْوَى: تَحْلِفُ وَتَقُولُ: قَدْ حَلَفْتُ أَلا أُعْتِقَ وَلا أَصَّدَّقَ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَتُصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ
٢١٤٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا نحيى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَتَتَّقُوا وَتُصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ قَالَ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُرِيدُ الصُّلْحَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَيُغْضِبُهُ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ يَتَّهِمُهُ، فَيَحْلِفُ أَلا يَتَكَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الصُّلْحِ، قَالَ: أَنْ تَصِلُوا إِلَى الْقَرَابَةِ وَتَتَّقُوا، يَعْنِي: وَتَتَّقُوا وَتُصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ وَفَاءِ الْيَمِينِ فِي الْمَعْصِيَةِ.
