His saying, the Exalted: "Great"
4743 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to us, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "A great sin," he says: A grave sin. It was narrated from al-Dahhak and al-Rabi' ibn Anas the like of that.
His saying, the Exalted: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphans"
[The first aspect]
4744 - Harun ibn Ishaq narrated to us, 'Abdah narrated to us, from Hisham ibn 'Urwah, from his father, from 'Aishah (1) regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphans," he said: It is the orphan girl who is under the care of a man, and he is her guardian. He marries her for her wealth and treats her poorly, and does not deal justly with her wealth, yet he marries whatever is pleasant for him of other women: two, or three, or four (2).
4745 - I read to Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, Ibn Wahb informed us, Yunus informed me from Ibn Shihab, 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr informed me that he asked 'Aishah about the saying of Allah the Exalted: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphans," and she said: O son of my sister, it is an orphan girl who is in the custody of her guardian, and he shares in her wealth, and her wealth and beauty please him. Her guardian wants to marry her without dealing justly regarding her dower (sadaq), by giving her other than what she deserves. Thus, they were forbidden from marrying them unless they dealt justly with them and reached the highest of their prescribed standards regarding the dower.
4746 - My father narrated to us, Ibn Abi 'Umar narrated to us, Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah narrated to us, from Abu Sa'id al-A'war, from Muhammad ibn Abi Musa al-Ash'ari, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphans, then marry those that please you of [other] women." He says: If you fear zina (unlawful sexual intercourse) for them, then marry them. He says: Just as you feared regarding the wealth of the orphans that you would not deal justly with it, likewise, fear for your own souls regarding what you do not marry.
4747 - Ahmad ibn Mahdi narrated to us, al-Nufayli narrated to us, 'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Amr al-Raqqi narrated to us, from 'Abd al-Karim, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding this verse: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphans," he said: Just as you feared that you would not be just with the orphans, then fear that you will not be just with the women, now that you have gathered them with you.
4748 - 'Ali ibn al-Mubarak informed me in what he wrote to me, Zayd ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, Ibn Thawr narrated to us, Ibn Jurayj said: Mujahid (3) used to say: "If you fear" means: If you feel a restriction (taharrajtum).
(1). See Tafsir 'Abd al-Razzaq, 1/147. (2). Sahih Muslim, Kitab al-Tafsir, 8/30. (3). Al-Tafsir, 1/144.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: كَبِيراً
٤٧٤٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عباس قوله: حُوباً كَبِيراً يَقُولُ: إِثْماً عَظِيماً- وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى
[الوجه الأول]
٤٧٤٤ - حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا عَبْدَةُ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ «١»
فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى قَالَ: هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ، وَهُوَ وَلِيُّهَا فَيَتَزَوَّجُهَا عَلَى مَالِهَا ويسيء صُحْبَتَهَا، وَلا يَعْدِلُ فِي مَالِهَا، وَيَتَزَوَّجُ مَا طَابَ لَهُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ سِوَاهَا مَثْنَى وَثُلاثَ وَرُبَاعَ «٢» .
٤٧٤٥ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَنْبَأَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فقالت: يا ابن أختي: هيا ليتيمة تَكُونُ فِي حُجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا يُشَارِكُهَا فِي مَالِهَا فَيُعْجِبُهُ مَالُهَا، وَجَمَالُهَا، فَيُرِيدُ وَلِيُّهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ أَنْ يُقْسِطَ فِي صَدَاقِهَا، فَيُعْطِيهَا غَيْرَهُ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِلا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ، وَيَبْلُغُوا بِهِنَّ أَعْلَى سُنَّتِهِنَّ مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ.
٤٧٤٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بن عيينة، عن أبي سعيد الأَعْوَرِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى الأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ يَقُولُ: فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ الزِّنَا فَانْكِحُوهُنَّ، يَقُولُ: فَكَمَا خِفْتُمْ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى أَلا تُقْسِطُوا فِيهَا، كَذَلِكَ فَخَافُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَنْكِحُوا.
٤٧٤٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، ثنا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّقِّيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ: وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى قَالَ: فَكَمَا خِفْتُمْ أَلا تَعْدِلُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى، فَخَافُوا أَلا تَعْدِلُوا فِي النِّسَاءِ، إِنَّمَا جَمَعْتُمُوهُنَّ عِنْدَكُمْ.
٤٧٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ثنا ابْنُ ثَوْرٍ قَالَ ابن جريح: كَانَ مُجَاهِدٌ «٣» يَقُولُ: إِنْ خِفْتُمْ: إِنْ تَحَرَّجْتُمْ.
(١) . انظر تفسير عبد الرزاق ١/ ١٤٧.(٢) . صحيح مسلم كتاب التفسير ٨/ ٣٠.(٣) . التفسير ١/ ١٤٤.
