The fifth interpretation:
That he may eat as a loan, and he is under no obligation to repay it if he dies in a state of insolvency.
4830 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Bukayr narrated to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "And whoever is poor, let him eat with kindness," meaning: in the matter of the loan, to the extent that provides sustenance. If he becomes wealthy, he should repay it, but if he does not become wealthy until he dies, there is no sin upon him. He did not grant permission regarding the wealth of orphans in any other way.
4831 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Yunus ibn Bukayr narrated to us, Hisham—meaning al-Dastawa'i—narrated to us, from Hammad, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding: "And whoever is rich, let him abstain, and whoever is poor, let him eat with kindness," he said: As a loan. When death approaches him and he does not possess anything to fulfill it, he should seek release from the orphan; and if he (the orphan) is young, he should seek release from his guardian.
Abu Muhammad said: It was narrated from al-Suddi, he said: He eats it as a loan; if he becomes wealthy, he repays it, otherwise it remains as a lawful matter before God. In one of the two opinions of Mujahid and Abu Wa'il, it is similar to this.
The sixth interpretation:
That he may eat to satisfy his hunger and cover his private parts.
4832 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Ishaq ibn Sulayman narrated to us, from Abu Ja'far al-Razi, from Mughirah, from Ibrahim regarding His saying: "Let him eat with kindness," he said: "Kindness" does not mean wearing linen, but "kindness" is that which satisfies hunger and covers the private parts.
The seventh interpretation:
That there is no obligation of repayment upon him.
4833 - My father narrated to us, 'Ubayd Allah ibn Musa narrated to us, Isra'il reported to us, from Mansur, from Ibrahim regarding His saying: "And whoever is poor, let him eat with kindness," from the orphan's wealth and he does not repay it. Abu Muhammad said: It was narrated from 'Atiyyah, 'Ata', 'Ikrimah, and al-Hasan similar to this.
The eighth interpretation:
That he should repay what he ate before necessity.
4834 - Abu Harun al-Kharraz narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn al-Jahm narrated to us, 'Amr—meaning Ibn Abi Qays—narrated to us, from 'Ata' ibn al-Sa'ib, from al-Sha'bi regarding His saying: "Let him eat with kindness," he said: He should not eat from it unless he is forced to do so, just as one is forced to eat carrion, and if he eats from it, he shall repay it.
وَالْوَجْهُ الْخَامِسُ:
أَنْ يَأْكُلَ قَرْضاً وَلا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ مَاتَ مُعْسِرًا
: [٤٨٣٠]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلُهُ: ومن كان فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ يَعْنِي: فِي الْقَرْضِ قَدْرَ مَا يَبْلُغُ قُوتاً، فَإِنْ أَيْسَرَ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُوسِرْ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ فَلا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَمْ يُرَخِّصْ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا.
٤٨٣١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا هِشَامٌ يَعْنِي:
الدَّسْتُوَائِيَّ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فليأكل بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَ: قَرْضاً وَإِذَا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ وَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُؤَدِّي فَلْيَسْتَحِلَّهُ مِنَ الْيَتِيمِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ صَغِيراً فَلْيَسْتَحِلَّهُ مِنْ وَلِيِّهِ.
قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ قَالَ:
يَأْكُلُهُ قَرْضاً، فَإِنْ أَيْسَرَ قَضَاهُ وَإِلا كَانَ فِي حَلِّ اللَّهِ. وَفِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَأَبِي وَائِلٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
وَالْوَجْهُ السَّادِسُ:
أَنْ يَأْكُلَ سَدَّ جُوعِهِ وَسَتْرَ عَوْرَتِهِ
: [٤٨٣٢]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيِّ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَوْلَهُ: فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَ: لَيْسَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِلُبْسِ الْكِتَّانِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْمَعْرُوفَ: مَا سَدَّ الْجُوعَ وَوَارَى الْعَوْرَةَ.
الْوَجْهُ السَّابِعُ:
أَنْ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ
: [٤٨٣٣]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَنْبَأَ إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ: مِنْ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ وَلا يَقْضِي قَالَ:
أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ عَطِيَّةَ، وَعَطَاءٍ وَعِكْرِمَةَ وَالْحَسَنِ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّامِنُ:
أَنْ يَقْضِيَ مَا أَكَلَ قَبْلَ الاضْطِرَارِ
: [٤٨٣٤]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هَارُونَ الْخَرَّازُ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا عَمْرٌو يَعْنِي: ابْنَ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَ: لَا يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ إِلا أَنْ يُضْطَرَّ إِلَيْهِ كَمَا يُضْطَرُّ إِلَى الْمَيْتَةِ، وَإِنْ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ قَضَاهُ.
