Meaning: A man is approached by death, and it is said to him: 'Give charity from your wealth, emancipate [slaves], and give from it in the way of Allah.' They were forbidden from ordering that. Meaning: Whoever among you is present with a sick person at the time of death, he should not command him to spend his wealth in manumission, charity, or in the way of Allah; rather, he should command him to clarify his wealth and what is upon him of debts, and to bequeath from his wealth to his relatives who do not inherit—he should bequeath to them a fifth or a fourth. He says: Is it not such that when one of you dies and has weak, meaning young, children, he would [dislike] to leave them without wealth, so they become a burden upon people? It is not appropriate for you to command him [the dying man] to do what you would not be pleased with for yourselves and your children, but rather say what is just regarding that. Abu Muhammad said: A similar [view] was narrated from Sa'id ibn Jubayr and Mujahid in the briefest of expressions.
His saying, the Exalted: "behind them"
4870 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Bukayr reported to us, Ibn Lahi'ah reported to us, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "behind them," meaning: after their death.
His saying, the Exalted: "offspring"
4871 - And by the same chain from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "offspring weak," he said: weak descendants.
His saying, the Exalted: "weak"
4872 - And by the same chain from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "weak," meaning: helpless, having no recourse.
His saying, the Exalted: "would have been concerned for them"
4873 - And by the same chain from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "would have been concerned for them," meaning: concerned for the children of the deceased regarding their ruin, just as they are concerned for their own children.
His saying, the Exalted: "So let them fear Allah"
4874 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih reported to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "So let them fear Allah," he said: This refers to the man who is present with a man at his death, and hears him making a bequest that harms his heirs. So Allah, the Exalted, commanded the one who hears him to fear Allah, to guide him, and to direct him toward what is correct, and to look out for his heirs just as he would love for it to be done for his own heirs if he feared ruin for them.
(1). See Tafsir 'Abd al-Razzaq 1/150. (2). Al-Tafsir 1/147.
يَعْنِي: الرَّجُلُ يَحْضُرُهُ الْمَوْتُ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: تَصَدَّقْ مِنْ مَالِكَ، وَأَعْتِقْ، وَأَعْطِ مِنْهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَأْمُرُوا بِذَلِكَ، يَعْنِي: أَنَّ مَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَلا يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ مَالَهُ فِي الْعِتْقِ أَوْ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ أَوْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَلَكِنْ يأمره أن يبين ماله وَمَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دَيْنٍ، وَيُوصِي مِنْ مَالِهِ لِذَوِي قَرَابَتِهِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرِثُونَ، يُوصِي لَهُمْ بِالْخُمُسِ أَوِ الرُّبُعِ، يَقُولُ: أَلَيْسَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِذَا مَاتَ وَلَهُ وَلَدٌ ضِعَافٌ، يَعْنِي: صِغَاراً أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُمُ بِغَيْرِ مَالٍ، فَيَكُونُونَ عِيَالا عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَلا يَنْبَغِي لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْمُرُوهُ بِمَا لَا تَرْضَوْنَ بِهِ لأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَلا أَوْلادِكُمْ، وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا الْحَقَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ- قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ «١» بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ «٢» نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ، بِأَخْصَرِ أَلْفَاظٍ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: مِنْ خَلْفِهُمْ
٤٨٧٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ قوله: مِنْ خَلْفِهُمْ يَعْنِي: مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِهِمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ذُرِّيَّةً
٤٨٧١ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافاً قَالَ: ذُرِّيَّةً ضُعَفَاءَ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ضِعَافاً
٤٨٧٢ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: ضِعَافاً يَعْنِي: عَجَزَةً لَا حِيلَةَ لَهُمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ
٤٨٧٣ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ يَعْنِي: عَلَى وَلَدِ الْمَيِّتِ الضَّيْعَةَ كَمَا يَخَافُونَ عَلَى وَلَدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَلْيَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ
٤٨٧٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عن ابن عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ: فَلْيَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ قَالَ: فَهَذَا فِي الرَّجُلِ يَحْضُرُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ، فَيَسْمَعُهُ يُوصِي بِوَصِيَّةٍ تَضُرُّ وَرَثَتَهُ، فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ الَّذِي يَسْمَعُهُ أَنْ يَتَّقِي اللَّهَ، وَيُوَفِّقَهُ، وَيُسَدِّدَهُ لِلصَّوَابِ، وَلَيَنْظُرُ لِوَرَثَتِهِ كَمَا كَانَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُصْنَعَ بِوَرَثَتِهِ إِذَا خَشِيَ عليهم الضيعة.
(١) . انظر تفسير عبد الرزاق ١/ ١٥٠.(٢) . التفسير ١/ ١٤٧.
