His saying, the Exalted: "then for her is half"
4896 - Muhammad ibn Sa'd al-'Awfi informed us in what he wrote to me, my father narrated to me, my uncle narrated to me, my father narrated to me, from his father, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding his saying: "Allah instructs you concerning your children, to the male the like of the portion of two females." This is because when the ordained shares (fara'id) were revealed, in which Allah ordained what He ordained for the male child, the female child, and the parents, the people—or some of them—disliked it and said: "We give the woman a quarter or an eighth, we give the daughter half, and we give the young boy [a share], yet none of these fight the people nor do they take the spoils of war. Keep silent about this report, perhaps the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) will forget it, or we will say it to him so he may change it." So some of them said: "O Messenger of Allah, do we give the young girl half of what her father left, even though she does not ride a horse nor fight the people? And we give the young boy the inheritance, even though he amounts to nothing?" They used to do that in the Jahiliyyah; they would not give the inheritance except to those who fought the people, and they would give it to the eldest, then the next eldest.
His saying: "and for his parents"
4897 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah reported to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "and for his parents," meaning: the parents of the deceased.
His saying, the Exalted: "for each one of them is a sixth of what he left"
4898 - And by the same chain, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "for each one of them is a sixth of what he left": of what the deceased left.
His saying, the Exalted: "if he has a child"
4899 - And by the same chain, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "if he has a child": meaning whether it is a male, or two females, or more than all of that, and there is no male with them. If the child is a single daughter, she has half the wealth, [which is] one-third and [a portion of] sixths, and the father has a sixth, and one sixth remains, so that is returned to the father because he is the agnate (al-'asabah).
His saying, the Exalted: "but if he has no child"
4900 - And by the same chain, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "but if he has no child and his parents inherit him," he said: If he has no male and no female.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ
٤٨٩٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ: يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ وَذَلِكَ لَمَّا نَزَلَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ الَّتِي فَرَضَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا مَا فَرَضَ لِلْوَلَدِ الذِّكْرِ وَالأُنْثَى وَالأَبَوَيْنِ، كَرِهَهَا النَّاسُ أَوْ بَعْضُهُمْ، وَقَالُوا: نُعْطِي الْمَرْأَةَ الرُّبُعَ وَالثَّمَنَ، وَنُعْطِي الابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ، وَنُعْطِي الْغُلامَ الصَّغِيرَ، وَلَيْسَ مِنْ هَؤُلاءِ أَحَدٌ يُقَاتِلُ الْقَوْمَ وَلا يَحُوزُ الْغَنِيمَةَ، اسْكُتُوا عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ لَعَلَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَنْسَاهُ أَوْ نَقُولُ لَهُ فَيُغِيرَ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنُعْطِي الْجَارِيَةَ نِصْفَ مَا تَرَكَ أَبُوهَا، وَلَيْسَتْ تَرْكَبُ الْفَرَسَ وَلا تُقَاتِلُ الْقَوْمَ، وَنُعْطِي الصَّبِيَّ الْمِيرَاثَ، وَلَيْسَ يَعْنِي شَيْئاً، وَكَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَا يُعْطُونَ الْمِيرَاثَ إِلا لِمَنْ قَاتَلَ الْقَوْمَ، وَيُعْطُونَهُ الأَكْبَرَ فَالأَكْبَرَ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَلأَبَوَيْهِ
٤٨٩٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: وَلأَبَوَيْهِ يَعْنِي: أَبَوَيِّ الْمَيِّتِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ
٤٨٩٨ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ: مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ
٤٨٩٩ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ: يَعْنِي ذَكَراً كَانَ أَوْ كَانَتَا انثيين فَوْقَ كُلِّ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْوَلَدُ ابْنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا نِصْفُ الْمَالِ، ثُلُثُهُ أَسْدَاسٌ، وَلِلأَبِّ سُدُسٌ وَيَبْقَى سُدُسٌ وَاحِدٌ، فَيُرَدُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الأَبِّ لأَنَّهُ هُوَ الْعَصَبَةُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ
٤٩٠٠ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: فَإِنْ لم يكن له ولد وورثه أبواه قَالَ:
