His saying, the Exalted: "and his parents inherit him, then for his mother is the third"
4901 - And by the same chain, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr: "and his parents inherit him, then for his mother is the third": for his mother is the third, and the remainder of the wealth is for the father.
His saying, the Exalted: "but if he has brothers"
4902 - And by the same chain, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr: "but if he has": meaning if the deceased has.
His saying, the Exalted: "brothers"
4903 - And by the same chain, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "but if he has brothers": two brothers or more, or two sisters, or a brother and a sister.
His saying, the Exalted: "then for his mother is the sixth"
4904 - And by the same chain, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "then for his mother is the sixth": and what remains is for the father, and the brothers have nothing with the father, but they have blocked the mother from the third.
4905 - My father narrated to us, 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn al-Mughirah reported to us, Yazid ibn Zuray' informed us, from Sa'id, from Qatadah regarding his saying: "but if he has brothers, then for his mother is the sixth": they have harmed the mother, and they do not inherit, nor does a single brother block her from the third; rather, what is more than that blocks her. The people of knowledge were of the view that they only blocked their mother from the third because their father manages their marriage, and his maintenance is for them, not their mother.
His saying, the Exalted: "after any bequest"
4906 - Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Yazid al-Muqri' narrated to us, Sufyan reported to us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Harith or 'Asim or someone else, from 'Ali, that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) decreed that the debt comes before the bequest, yet you recite the bequest before the debt.
4907 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya reported to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "after any bequest he [may have] made or debt."
His saying, the Exalted: "he [may have] made"
4908 - And by the same chain, from Sa'id: "after any bequest he may have made": regarding what is between him and the third [part of the estate] for non-heirs; a bequest to an heir is not permissible.
(1). Ibn Kathir said: This is a good statement. See 2/199.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ
٤٩٠١ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ: وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ: فَلأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ وَبَقِيَّةُ الْمَالِ لِلأَبِّ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ
٤٩٠٢ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ له: فَإِنْ كَانَ لِلْمَيِّتِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: أُخْوَةٌ
٤٩٠٣ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: فَإِنْ كان لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ: أَخَوَانِ فَصَاعِداً أَوْ أُخْتَانِ أَوْ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَلأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ
٤٩٠٤ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: فَلأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلأَبِّ، وَلَيْسَ لِلأُخْوَةِ مَعَ الأَبِّ شَيْءٌ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ حَجَبُوا الأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ.
٤٩٠٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، أَنْبَأَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَوْلَهُ: فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ أَضَرُّوا بِالأُمِّ وَلا يَرِثُونَ وَلا يَحْجُبُهَا الأَخُ الْوَاحِدُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ، وَيَحْجُبُهَا مَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا حَجَبُوا أُمَّهُمْ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ لأَنَّ أَبَاهُمْ يَلِي نِكَاحَهُمْ، وَنَفَقَتُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ دُونَ أُمِّهِمْ «١» .
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ
٤٩٠٦ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ أَوْ عَاصِمٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ، وَأَنْتُمْ تقرأون الْوَصِيَّةَ قَبْلَ الدِّينِ.
٤٩٠٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: يُوصِي بِهَا
٤٩٠٨ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ: مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا: فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الثُّلُثِ لِغَيْرِ الْوَرَثَةِ، وَلا تَجُوزُ وَصِيَّةٌ لِوَارِثٍ.
(١) . قال ابن كثير: هذا كلام حسن. انظر ٢/ ١٩٩.