And the second aspect:
5179 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas, he said: When Allah the Almighty revealed: "O you who have believed, do not consume your wealth among yourselves by falsehood," the Muslims said: "Allah has forbidden us to consume our wealth by falsehood, and food is one of the most excellent forms of wealth, so it is not permissible for any of us to eat at another's house." Thus, the people refrained from that. Then Allah the Almighty revealed after that: "There is no blame upon the blind..." [to the end of] the verse.
5180 - 'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Abi Hammad narrated to us, Mihran narrated to us, from Sa'id, from Qatadah regarding His saying: "do not consume your wealth among yourselves by falsehood," he said: Houses were avoided for a time. A man would not invite anyone to dine, nor would he eat in someone else's house, out of fear of that. Then Allah abrogated that, and the first of those who were granted a concession in that were the blind, the lame, and the sick.
The third aspect:
5181 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abdullah narrated to us, 'Abdullah ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "O you who have believed, do not consume your wealth among yourselves by falsehood," he says: Do not consume it except by its rightful claim. This is the man who denies a right that is due to him and severs what is not his by a false oath, or becomes angry, or consumes usury.
His saying, the Almighty: "by falsehood"
5182 - Muhammad ibn 'Ubadah ibn al-Bakhtari narrated to us, Yazid narrated to us, Hammad reported to us, from Dawud ibn Abi Hind, from 'Ikrimah, from Ibn 'Abbas, that he disliked for a man to take a garment and say: "If I am pleased with it, I will keep it; otherwise, I will return it to you," along with a dirham or two. He said: This is what Allah the Almighty said: "do not consume your wealth (among yourselves) by falsehood."
5183 - Ahmad ibn 'Uthman ibn Hakim al-Awdi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Mufaddal narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi regarding His saying: "do not consume your wealth among yourselves by falsehood," he said: As for their consuming it among themselves by falsehood, it is through adultery, gambling, al-najash (bidding up a price without intent to buy), and oppression.
His saying, the Almighty: "except that it be a trade by mutual consent from you"
5184 - Hajjaj ibn Hamzah narrated to us, Shababah narrated to us, Warqa' narrated to us, from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid, regarding His saying: "by mutual consent from you," he said: In a trade that he expands or a gift he gives to someone.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٥١٧٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ ابْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ نَهَانَا أَنْ نَأْكُلَ أَمْوَالَنَا بِالْبَاطِلِ، وَالطَّعَامُ هُوَ مِنْ فَضْلِ الأَمْوَالِ، فَلا يَحِلُّ لأَحَدٍ مِنَّا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ، فَكَفَّ النَّاسُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ:
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَى حرج الآيَةُ.
٥١٨٠ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ، ثنا مِهْرَانُ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَوْلَهُ: لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ قَالَ: مُنِعَتِ الْبُيُوتُ زَمَاناً، كَانَ الرَّجُلُ لَا يُضَيِّفُ أَحَداً وَلا يَأْكُلُ فِي بَيْتِ غَيْرِهِ تَأَثُّماً مِنْ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ نَسْخَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مِنْ رُخِّصَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الأعمى والأعرج والمريض.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٥١٨١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ يَقُولُ: لَا تَأْكُلُوا إِلا بِحَقِّهِ، وَهُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَجْحَدُ بِحَقٍّ هو له ويقطع ما لا بِيَمِينٍ كَاذِبَةٍ أَوْ يَغْضَبُ أَوْ يَأْكُلُ الرِّبَا.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: بِالْبَاطِلِ
٥١٨٢ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ، أَنْبَأَ حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ داود ابن أَبِي هِنْدَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الرَّجُلُ الثَّوْبَ وَيَقُولُ: إِنْ رَضَيْتُهُ وَإِلا رَدَدْتُهُ عَلَيْكَ وَدِرْهَمَ وَدِرْهَمَيْنِ قَالَ: هَذَا الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ (بَيْنَكُمْ) بِالْبَاطِلِ.
٥١٨٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عثمان بن حكيم الأوذى، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُفَضَّلٍ، ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ قَوْلَهُ: لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ قَالَ: أَمَّا أَكْلُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ فَبِالزِّنَا وَالْقِمَارِ وَالنَّجْشِ وَالظُّلْمِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِلا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ
٥١٨٤ - حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، ثنا شَبَابَةُ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَوْلَهُ: عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: فِي تِجَارَةٍ أَوْسَعَ أَوْ عَطَاءٍ يُعْطِيهِ أحدا.
