the major sins: Associating partners with Allah, disobedience to parents, and the False Oath (al-Yamin al-Ghamus); and no person shall swear a false oath by Allah—and he included therein anything equal to the wing of a mosquito—without it becoming a black spot on his heart until the Day of Resurrection. (1)
The report that contains the mention of fleeing from the battlefield, sorcery, consuming the property of the orphan, consuming usury, slandering a chaste woman, and declaring the Sacred House [the Kaaba] lawful.
5200 - Abu Badr al-Ghubari informed us in what he wrote to me, Mu'adh ibn Hani' narrated to us, Harb ibn Shaddad narrated to us, Yahya ibn Abi Kathir narrated to us, from 'Abd al-Hamid ibn Sinan, from the hadith of 'Ubayd ibn 'Umayr al-Laythi, that his father, who was one of the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), narrated to him that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Avoid the major sins that Allah has forbidden." Then a man from among his companions asked him and said: "O Messenger of Allah, what are the major sins?" He said: "They are nine, the greatest of which is associating partners with Allah, killing a believer without right, fleeing on the day of the battlefield, sorcery, consuming the property of the orphan, consuming usury, slandering a chaste woman, disobedience to Muslim parents, and declaring the Sacred House—your qibla—lawful, both for the living and the dead." (3)
The report that contains the mention of despairing of the mercy of Allah and feeling secure from the plan of Allah:
5201 - Ahmad ibn 'Amr ibn Abi 'Asim al-Nabil narrated to us, my father narrated to us, my father narrated to us, Shabib ibn Bishr narrated to us, from 'Ikrimah, from Ibn 'Abbas, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was reclining when a man entered upon him and said: "What are the major sins?" He replied: "Associating partners with Allah, despairing of the mercy of Allah, and feeling secure from the plan of Allah; and this is the greatest of the major sins." (4)
The report that contains the [sin of] reverting to bedouin life after the migration (hijrah):
5202 - My father narrated to us, Fahd ibn 'Awf narrated to us, Abu 'Awanah narrated to us, from 'Umar ibn Abi Salamah, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The major sins are seven: the first of them is associating partners with Allah, then killing a human being without just cause, consuming usury, consuming the property of the orphan until he reaches maturity, fleeing from the battlefield, slandering chaste women, and reverting to bedouin life after the migration." (5)
(1). Al-Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Tafsir, no. 3020; he said: This is a hasan gharib hadith, 5/220. (2). Ibn Kathir said: It is Hijazi and is not known except through this hadith, 2/238. [...] (3). Al-Hakim, 4/259. (4). Ibn Kathir said: There is some scrutiny regarding its chain of narration, 2/243. (5). Muslim, Kitab al-Iman, no. 189/92.
الْكَبَائِرِ: الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ، وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ، وَالْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ، وَمَا حَلَفَ حَالَفٌ بِاللَّهِ يَمِينَ صَبْرٍ، فَأَدْخَلَ فيها مثل جُنَاحَ الْبَعُوضَةِ إِلا كَانَتْ نُكْتَةً فِي قَلْبِهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ «١» .
الْخَبَرُ الَّذِي فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الْفِرَارِ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ، وَالسِّحْرِ، وَأَكْلِ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ وَأَكْلِ الرِّبَا، وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَةِ، وَاسْتِحْلَالِ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ.
٥٢٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَدْرٍ الْغُبَرِيُّ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ ثنا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ، ثنا حَرْبُ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ «٢» بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَبُوهُ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: إجْتَنِبِ الْكَبَائِرَ الَّتِي نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ أَنَّ رَجُلا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ سَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الْكَبَائِرُ؟ قَالَ: هُنَّ تِسْعٌ أَعْظَمُهُنَّ الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ، وَقَتْلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ، وَفِرَارُ يَوْمِ الزَّحْفِ، وَالسِّحْرُ وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ، وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا، وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَةِ، وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ الْمُسْلِمَيْنِ، وَاسْتِحْلالُ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ قِبْلَتُكُمْ أَحْيَاءً وَأَمْوَاتاً «٣» .
الْخَبَرُ الَّذِي فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الإِيَاسِ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ وَالأَمْنِ مِنْ مَكْرِ اللَّهِ:
٥٢٠١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ النَّبِيلُ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا شَبِيبُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ مُتَّكِئاً فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: مَا الْكَبَائِرُ؟ فَقَالَ: الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ وَالإِيَاسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ وَالأَمْنُ مِنْ مَكْرِ اللَّهِ، وَهَذَا أَكْبَرُ الْكَبَائِرِ «٤» .
الْخَبَرُ الَّذِي فِيهِ التَّعَرُّبُ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ:
٥٢٠٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا فَهْدُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَن ّرَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: الْكَبَائِرُ سَبْعٌ: أَوَّلَهُمَا الإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ، ثُمَّ قَتْلُ النَّفْسِ بِغَيْرِ حَقِّهَا، وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا، وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَى أَنْ يَكْبُرَ، وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ، وَرَمْيُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ والانقلاب إلى الأعراب بعد الهجرة «٥» .
(١) . الترمذي كتاب التفسير رقم ٣٠٢٠ قال: هذا حديث حسن غريب ٥/ ٢٢٠.(٢) . قال ابن كثير: وهو حجازي لا يعرف إلا بهذا الحديث- ٢/ ٢٣٨. [.....](٣) . الحاكم ٤/ ٢٥٩.(٤) . قال ابن كثير: وفي اسناده نظر- ٢/ ٢٤٣.(٥) . مسلم كتاب الإيمان رقم ١٨٩/ ٩٢.
