5222 - 'Ubayd Allah ibn Isma'il narrated to us, Khalaf, meaning: al-Muqri', narrated to us, al-Khaffaf narrated to us, from Sa'id, from Qatadah, that he used to say: "The noble entrance (al-mudkhal al-karim) is Paradise."
His saying the Exalted: "And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you exceed others."
[The first interpretation]
5223 - Ahmad ibn al-Qasim ibn 'Atiyyah narrated to us, Ahmad ibn 'Abd al-Rahman narrated to me, my father narrated to me, al-Ash'ath ibn Ishaq narrated to us, from Ja'far, meaning: Ibn Abi al-Mughirah, from Sa'id, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you exceed others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned," he said: A woman came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said: "O Prophet of Allah, for the male is like the portion of two females, and the testimony of two women equals one man. Are we like this in deeds as well? If a woman does a good deed, is she written half a good deed?" So Allah the Exalted revealed this verse: "And do not wish," [saying]: "For it is justice from Me, and I have ordained it."
And the second interpretation:
5224 - al-Mundhir ibn Shadhan narrated to us, Ya'la narrated to us, Sufyan narrated to us, from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid(1) who said: Umm Salamah said: "O Messenger of Allah, we do not fight and get martyred, nor do we cut the inheritance." So it was revealed: "And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you exceed others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned." Then it was revealed(2): "that I will not allow the work of any worker among you, male or female, to be lost"(3). Abu Muhammad [Ibn Abi Hatim] said: Ya'la narrated it from Sufyan al-Thawri, and Ibn 'Uyaynah narrated it similarly.
5225 - Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan and Waki' ibn al-Jarrah narrated from al-Thawri, from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid(4), from Umm Salamah, who said: I said, "O Messenger of Allah..." - And it was narrated from Muqatil ibn Hayyan and Khasif something similar.
And the third interpretation:
5226 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you exceed others," he says: Let not a man wish and say: "Would that I had the wealth and family of so-and-so." Allah, the Glorified, forbade that, but rather he should ask Allah of His bounty. It was narrated from Muhammad ibn Sirin, al-Hasan, 'Ata', and al-Dahhak something similar.
(1). Al-Tafsir 1/154. (2). Surah Al 'Imran, ayah 195. (3). Al-Hakim 2/305. (4). Al-Tafsir 1/154.
٥٢٢٢ - حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا خَلَفٌ يَعْنِي: الْمُقْرِئَ، ثنا الْخَفَّافُ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: الْمُدْخَلُ الْكَرِيمُ: هُوَ الْجَنَّةُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَلا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ الله به بعضكم على بعض
[الوجه الأول]
٥٢٢٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا الأَشْعَثُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ يَعْنِي: ابْنَ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا اكْتَسَبُوا وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا اكْتَسَبْنَ قَالَ: أَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ، وَشَهَادَةُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ بِرَجُلٍ، أَفَنَحْنُ فِي الْعَمَلِ هَكَذَا، إِنْ عَمَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةً كُتِبَتْ لَهَا نِصْفُ حَسَنَةٍ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الآيَةَ: وَلا تَتَمَنَّوْا: فَإِنَّهُ عَدْلٌ مِنِّي وَأَنَا صَنَعْتُهُ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٥٢٢٤ - حَدَّثَنَا الْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، ثنا يَعْلَى، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ «١» قَالَ: قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَا نُقَاتِلُ فَنُسْتَشْهَدُ، وَلا نَقْطَعُ الْمِيرَاثَ، فَنَزَلَتْ: وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا اكْتَسَبُوا وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا اكْتَسَبْنَ ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ «٢» أَنِّي لَا أُضِيعُ عَمَلَ عَامَلٍ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ ذكر أو أُنْثَى «٣» قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: رَوَاهُ يَعْلَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ مِثْلَهُ.
٥٢٢٥ - وَرَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَوَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ «٤» ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ الله ... - وروى عن مقاتل ابن حيان، وخصيف نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٥٢٢٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلُهُ: وَلا تتمنوا ما فضل الله به بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ يَقُولُ:
لَا يَتَمَنَّى الرَّجُلُ، فَيَقُولُ: لَيْتَ لِي مَالُ فُلانٍ وَأَهْلُهُ، فَنَهَى اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَلَكِنْ لِيَسْأَلِ اللَّهَ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ وَالْحَسَنِ وَعَطَاءٍ وَالضَّحَّاكِ نحو ذلك.
(١) . التفسير ١/ ١٥٤.(٢) . سورة آل عمران آية ١٩٥.(٣) . الحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٥.(٤) . التفسير ١/ ١٥٤.
