The verse: "And those of kin are closer to one another in the Book of Allah."
It was narrated from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, Mujahid, al-Hasan, 'Ata', Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Abu Salih, al-Sha'bi, Sulayman ibn Yasar, 'Ikrimah, al-Suddi, al-Dahhak, Qatadah, and Muqatil ibn Hayyan that they said: They are the allies (al-hulafa').
The second interpretation:
5238 - My father narrated to us, Abu al-Asbagh al-Harrani narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Salamah narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from Dawud ibn Husayn, who said: I used to read to Umm Sa'd bint Sa'd ibn al-Rabi' with her son Musa ibn Sa'd, and she was an orphan under the guardianship of Abu Bakr. I read to her: "And to those your oaths have made a pact (wa-alladhina 'aqadat aymanukum)," and she said: No, rather it is: "And to those your oaths have made a pact (wa-alladhina 'aqadat aymanukum)." She said: It was revealed regarding Abu Bakr and his son 'Abd al-Rahman when he refused to accept Islam, so Abu Bakr swore that he would not grant him an inheritance. When he accepted Islam after he charged against Islam with the sword, Allah commanded him to give him his share.
[His saying the Exalted: "So give them their share"]
[The first interpretation]
5239 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Abu Usamah narrated to us, he said: Idris al-Awdi said: Talhah ibn Musarrif informed me, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding: "So give them their share," he said: From support, sincere advice, and assistance, and they are to be provided for through a bequest, but the inheritance (ruling) has ceased.
5240 - Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Ahmasi narrated to us, Waki' narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Mansur, from Mujahid regarding: "So give them their share," he said: From support, consultation, and blood-money (al-'aql).
5241 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Ishaq ibn Sulayman Abu Yahya al-Razi narrated to us, from Husayn, from Abu Malik regarding: "And to those your oaths have made a pact, so give them their share," he said: It refers to the ally of the people; he says: Let them witness your affairs and your consultation.
(1). Muslim, Kitab al-Fada'il, no. 42530/1961. [.....] (2). Al-Tafsir 1/15. (3). Addition from Ibn Kathir 2/254. (4). Ibn Kathir said: This is a strange (gharib) view. This was the case at the beginning of Islam when they would inherit from each other through an alliance, then it was abrogated, and the impact of the alliance remained after that, even if they were to fulfill the contracts and oaths. The alliance that they had contracted before that has already been mentioned. This is a definitive text refuting those who held the view that inheritance through alliance is valid today, as is the position of Abu Hanifah, his companions, and one narration from Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him. The correct view is that of the majority, Malik, al-Sha'fi'i, and Ahmad in the well-known report from him. See 2/254.
