His saying the Exalted: "And if you fear a breach between them"
5280 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "And if you fear a breach between them," he said: This refers to the man and the woman when that which is between them becomes corrupt.
5281 - 'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Hisham narrated to us, Sharik narrated to us, from 'Ata', from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "And if you fear a breach between them," he said: It is contention (al-tashajur).
His saying the Exalted: "Then appoint an arbiter from his people and an arbiter from her people"
[The first interpretation]
5282 - Al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq reported, Ma'mar reported, from Ayyub, from Muhammad ibn Sirin, from 'Ubaydah, who said: I witnessed 'Ali when a woman and her husband came to him, each of them accompanied by a group of people. He (the husband) brought forth an arbiter, and she brought forth an arbiter. 'Ali said to the two arbiters: Do you know what is incumbent upon you? It is incumbent upon you that if you see fit to bring them together, you bring them together, and if you see fit to separate them, you separate them. The woman said: I am satisfied with the Book of Allah for me and against me. The husband said: As for separation, no. 'Ali said: By Allah, you have lied; you shall not depart until you are satisfied with the Book of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, for you and against you.
5283 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "Then appoint an arbiter from his people and an arbiter from her people," he said: Allah, Glory be to Him, commanded that they appoint a righteous man from the man's family and a man like him from the woman's family. They shall examine which of them is the wrongdoer. If the man is the wrongdoer, they shall restrain him from his wife and restrict him to maintenance. If the opinion of both of them (the arbiters) converges upon separating them or bringing them together, their decision is binding. If they deem it fit to bring them together, and one of the spouses is satisfied while the other dislikes it, then one of them dies, the one who was satisfied inherits from the one who disliked it, but the one who disliked it does not inherit from the one who was satisfied.
5284 - Ahmad ibn 'Uthman al-Awdi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Mufaddal narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi, regarding His saying: "Then appoint an arbiter from his people and an arbiter from her people," he said: The woman says to her arbiter: I have entrusted my affair to you; if you command me to return, I will return, and if you separate us, we will separate. She informs him of her situation if she is...
(1). Ibn Kathir said: This is the position of the majority of scholars: that the two arbiters have the authority to join or separate the couple - 2/260.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا
٥٢٨٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ: وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَهَذَا الرَّجُلُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا تَفَاسَدَ الَّذِي بَيْنَهُمَا.
٥٢٨١ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، ثنا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا قَالَ:
التَّشَاجُرُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وحكما من أهلها
[الوجه الأول]
٥٢٨٢ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنْبَأَ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ عَلِيّاً وَجَاءَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَزَوْجُهَا مَعَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِئَامٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَأَخْرَجَ هَؤُلاءِ حَكَماً وَهَؤُلاءِ حَكَماً، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لِلْحَكَمَيْنِ:
تَدْرِيَانِ، مَا عَلَيْكُمَا؟ إن عليكما إن رأيتما أن أَنْ تَجْمَعَا بَيْنَهُمَا جَمَعْتُمَا، وَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمَا تَفَرَّقَا فَرَّقْتُمَا، فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ: رَضِيتُ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ لِي وَعَلَيَّ وَقَالَ الزَّوْجُ: أَمَّا الْفُرْقَةُ فَلا، فَقَالُ عَلِيُّ: كَذَبْتَ وَاللَّهِ، لَا تَبْرَحُ حَتَّى تَرْضَى بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَكَ وَعَلَيْكَ «١» .
٥٢٨٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ: فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهَا فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ أَنْ يَبْعَثُوا رَجُلا صَالِحاً مِنْ أَهْلِ الرَّجُلِ وَرَجُلا مِثْلَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَرْأَةِ، فَيَنْظُرَانِ أَيُّهُمَا الْمُسِيءُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ هُوَ الْمُسِيءُ حَجَبُوا عَنْهُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَقَصَرُوهُ عِلىَ النَّفَقَةِ، فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَ رَأْيُهُمَا عَلَى أَنْ يَتَفَرَّقَا أو يجمعا فَأَمْرُهُمَا جَائِزٌ، فَإِنْ رَأَيَا أَنْ يَجْمَعَا فَرَضِيَ أَحَدُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ، وَكَرِهَ ذلك الآخَرُ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَحَدُهُمَا، فَإِنَّ الَّذِي رَضِيَ يَرِثُ الَّذِي كَرِهَ، وَلا يَرِثُ الْكَارِهُ الرَّاضِيَ.
٥٢٨٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الأَوْدِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُفَضَّلٍ، ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، قَوْلَهُ: فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهَا تَقُولُ الْمَرْأَةُ لِحَكَمِهَا: قَدْ وَلِّيتُكَ أَمْرِي، فَإِنْ أَمَرْتَنِي أَنْ أَرْجِعَ رَجَعْتُ وَإِنْ فَرَّقْتَ تَفَرَّقْنَا، وَتُخْبِرُهُ بِأَمْرِهَا إِنْ كانت
(١) . قال ابن كثير: هذا مذهب جمهور العلماء: إن الحكمين إليهما الجمع والتفرقة- ٢/ ٢٦٠.
