His saying, the Exalted: "A nation [ummah]."
3937 - And by the same chain from Muqatil ibn Hayyan regarding His saying: "A nation," he says: An imam who is followed, just as He said regarding Abraham: "He was an ummah [nation/leader], devoutly obedient," he says: An imam who is obedient to his Lord, who is followed.
His saying, the Exalted: "They invite to good."
3938 - And by the same chain from Muqatil ibn Hayyan regarding His saying: "They invite to good," he said: To Islam.
His saying, the Exalted: "And they enjoin what is right."
3939 - My father narrated to us, Ahmad ibn 'Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Ja'far narrated to us, from his father, from al-Rabi', from Abu al-'Aliyah, who said: Every verse in the Quran in which Allah mentions the enjoining of what is right, the enjoining of what is right means that they called [people] to Allah alone and to His worship, with no partner unto Him; a call from shirk (polytheism) to Islam.
3940 - I read to Muhammad ibn al-Fadl, Muhammad ibn 'Ali narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Muzahim narrated to us, from Bukayr ibn Ma'ruf, from Muqatil ibn Hayyan regarding His saying: "And they enjoin what is right," they enjoin obedience to their Lord.
His saying, the Exalted: "And forbid what is wrong, and those are the successful."
[The first interpretation]
3941 - My father narrated to us, Ahmad ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Ja'far narrated to us, from his father, from al-Rabi', from Abu al-'Aliyah, who said: Every verse in the Quran in which Allah mentions the forbidding of what is wrong, it is the forbidding of the worship of idols and the devil.
And the second interpretation:
3942 - I read to Muhammad, Muhammad narrated to us, Bukayr narrated to us, from Muqatil regarding His saying: "And forbid what is wrong," and they forbid His disobedience, meaning: the disobedience of their Lord.
3943 - Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us, Abu Ghassan informed us, Salama narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ishaq narrated to us, saying: Regarding what Muhammad ibn Abi Muhammad narrated to me, from 'Ikrimah or Sa'id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding: "And those are the successful," meaning: those who have attained what they sought, and escaped from the evil of that from which they fled.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: أُمَّةٌ
٣٩٣٧ - وَبِهِ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَوْلَهُ: أُمَّةٌ يَقُولُ: إِمَاماً يُقْتَدَى بِهِ كَمَا قَالَ لإِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتاً يَقُولُ: إِمَاماً مُطِيعاً لِرَبِّهِ يُقْتَدَى بِهِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: يَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ
٣٩٣٨ - وَبِهِ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَوْلُهُ: يَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ قَالَ: إِلَى الإِسْلامِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
٣٩٣٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ قَالَ: كُلُّ آيَةٍ يَذْكُرُهَا اللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآن، فَذَكَرَ الأَمْرَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، فَالأَمْرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ أَنَّهُمْ دَعَوْا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَحْدِهِ وَعِبَادَتِهِ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، دُعَاءً مِنَ الشِّرْكِ إِلَى الإِسْلامِ.
٣٩٤٠ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَوْلُهُ: وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ يَأْمُرُونَ بِطَاعَةِ رَبِّهِمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَأُولَئِكَ هم المفلحون
[الوجه الأول]
٣٩٤١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ قَالَ: كُلُّ آيَةٍ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ، فَذَكَرَ النَّهْيَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، النَّهْيَ عَنْ عِبَادَةِ الأَوْثَانِ وَالشَّيْطَانِ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٣٩٤٢ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدٌ، ثنا بُكَيْرٌ عَنْ مُقَاتِلٍ قَوْلُهُ: وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنْ مَعْصِيَتِهِ يَعْنِي: مَعْصِيَةَ رَبِّهِمْ.
٣٩٤٣ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو غَسَّانَ، ثنا سَلَمَةُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: فِيمَا حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَوْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ أَيِ الَّذِينَ أَدْرَكُوا مَا طَلَبُوا، وَنَجَوْا مِنْ شَرِّ مَا مِنْهُ هَرَبُوا.
