Ibn 'Abbas, that he said: "O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you." He said: It was revealed concerning 'Abd Allah ibn Hudhafah when the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent him on a military expedition. The phrasing is that of Ahmad ibn Yunus.
5530 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashaj narrated to us, Hafs ibn Ghiyath and Waki' narrated to us, from al-A'mash, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted: "and those in authority among you," he said: They are the commanders of the military expeditions.
5531 - Ahmad ibn 'Uthman ibn Hakim narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Fadl narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi, regarding His saying: "Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you," that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent Khalid ibn al-Walid on a military expedition in which 'Ammar ibn Yasir was also present. They marched towards the people they intended to strike. When they reached a point close to them, they settled. The 'Dhu al-'Ayntayn' (the two-eyed man) came to them and informed them, so by morning they had fled, except for one man who ordered his family to gather their belongings, then he began walking in the darkness of the night until he reached Khalid's camp, asking about 'Ammar ibn Yasir. He came to him and said: "O Abu al-Yaqzan, I have accepted Islam, and I have testified that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger. My people, when they heard about you, fled, but I remained. Will my Islam benefit me tomorrow? Otherwise, I will flee." 'Ammar said: "Rather, it will benefit you. Stay." So he stayed. When morning came, Khalid raided, but found no one except that man. He took him and seized his property. The news reached 'Ammar, so he came to Khalid and said: "Release the man, for he has accepted Islam and is under my protection." Khalid said: "And since when do you grant protection?" They reviled each other, then proceeded to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. He sanctioned 'Ammar's protection and forbade him from granting protection a second time over a commander.
5532 - Ahmad ibn Sinan narrated to us, Abu Mu'awiyah narrated to us, al-A'mash narrated to us, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted: "and those in authority among you," he said: They are the commanders.
[The second view]
5533 - My father narrated to us, Abu Ghassan Malik ibn Isma'il narrated to us, al-Hasan ibn Salih narrated to us, from 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Aqil, from Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah, regarding this verse: "Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you," he said: The people of virtue (khayr).
ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُذَافَةَ إِذْ بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ، وَالسِّيَاقُ لأَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ.
٥٥٣٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ وَوَكِيعٌ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: أُمَرَاءُ السَّرَايَا.
٥٥٣١ - ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ فَضْلٍ ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ قَوْلَهُ: أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرسول وأولي الأمر منكم بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ وَفِيهَا عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ، فَسَارُوا قِبَلِ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغُوا قَرِيباً مِنْهُمْ، عَرَشُوا وَأَتَاهُمْ ذُو الْعِينْتَيْنِ، فَأَخَبَرَهُمْ، فَأَصْبَحُوا قَدْ هَرَبُوا غَيْرَ رَجُلٍ أَمَرَ أَهْلَهُ فَجَمَعُوا مَتَاعَهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ يَمْشِي فِي ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ، حَتَّى أَتَى عَسْكَرَ خَالِدٍ يَسْأَلُ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا الْيَقْظَانِ إِنِّي قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَشَهِدْتُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَأَنَّ قَوْمِي لَمَّا سَمِعُوا بِكُمْ هَرَبُوا وَأَنِّي بَقِيتُ، فَهَلْ إِسْلامِي نَافِعِي غَداً؟ وَإِلا هَرَبْتُ.
فَقَالَ عَمَّارٌ: بَلْ هُوَ نَافِعُكَ، فَأَقِمْ فَأَقَامَ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا أَغَارَ خَالِدٌ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَداً غَيْرَ الرَّجُلِ، فَأَخَذَهُ وَأَخَذَ مَالَهُ، فَبَلَغَ عَمَّاراً الْخَبَرُ فَأَتَى خَالِداً، فَقَالَ: خَلِّ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ وَهُوَ فِي أَمَانٍ مِنِّي. قَالَ خَالِدٌ: وَفِيمَ أَنْتَ تُجِيرُ، فَاسْتَبَّا، فَارْتَفَعَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَجَازَ أَمَانَ عَمَّارٍ، وَنَهَاهُ أَنْ يُجِيرَ الثَّانِيَةَ عَلَى أَمِيرٍ.
٥٥٣٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، ثنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، ثنا الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: هُمُ الأُمَرَاءُ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٥٥٣٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَبُو غَسَّانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: أُولِي الْخَيْرِ.
