[The third view:]
5534 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding His saying: "and those in authority among you," meaning: the people of jurisprudence (fiqh) and religion, and the people of obedience to Allah who teach the people the meanings of their religion and enjoin them to do good and forbid them from doing evil; so Allah, the Exalted, made their obedience obligatory upon the servants.
5535 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashaj narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Idris narrated to us, from Layth, from Mujahid, regarding His saying: "and those in authority among you," he said: The people of knowledge and jurisprudence. It was narrated from al-Hasan, and al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali, and 'Ata', and Ibrahim similar to that. It was also narrated from Abu al-'Aliyah and Bakr ibn 'Abd Allah al-Muzani that they both said: The scholars.
5536 - Muhammad ibn al-Hajjaj al-Hadrami narrated to us in Hadramawt, al-Khasib ibn Nasih narrated to us, al-Mubarak ibn Fadalah narrated to us, from al-Hasan, regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted: "and those in authority among you," he said: The people of knowledge, jurisprudence, reason, and sound judgment.
[The fourth view:]
5537 - My father narrated to us, 'Uthman ibn Talut al-Jahdari narrated to us, Hafs ibn 'Umar al-'Adani narrated to us, from al-Hakam ibn Aban, from 'Ikrimah, regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted: "and those in authority among you," he said: Abu Bakr and 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both.
5538 - Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Yazid al-Muqri' narrated to us, Sufyan narrated to us, from al-Hakam ibn Aban, from 'Ikrimah, regarding: "and those in authority among you," he said: 'Umar was among those in authority.
[The fifth view:]
5539 - My father narrated to us, Sa'id ibn Sulayman narrated to us, Hushaym narrated to us, from Juwaybir, from al-Dahhak, regarding His saying: "and those in authority among you," he said: They are the companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him; they are the callers (to the faith) and the narrators (of knowledge).
His saying, the Exalted: "And if you disagree over anything"
5540 - Ahmad ibn 'Uthman ibn Hakim al-Awdi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Mufaddal narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi, he said: When morning came, Khalid raided, but he found no one except that man, meaning: the one whom 'Ammar had granted protection, and he took him and seized his property. The news reached 'Ammar, so he came to Khalid and said: "Release the man, for he has accepted Islam and is under my protection." Khalid said: "And since when do you grant protection?"
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٥٥٣٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ: وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ يَعْنِي: أَهْلَ الْفِقْهِ وَالدِّينِ، وَأَهْلَ طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ مَعَانِيَ دِينِهِمْ ويأمرونهم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهُوهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، فَأَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ طَاعَتَهُمْ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ.
٥٥٣٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَوْلَهُ: وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: أولوا الْعِلْمِ وَالْفِقْهِ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَالْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَطَاءٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنِ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ وَبَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ أَنَّهُمَا قَالا: الْعُلَمَاءُ.
٥٥٣٦ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ بِحَضْرَمَوْتَ، ثنا الْخَصِيبُ بْنُ نَاصِحٍ، ثنا الْمُبَارَكُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: أُولِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْفِقْهِ وَالْعَقْلِ وَالرَّأْيِ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الرَّابِعُ:
٥٥٣٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَالُوتَ الْجَحْدَرِيُّ، ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْعَدَنِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا.
٥٥٣٨ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ مِنْ أُولِي الأَمْرِ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الْخَامِسُ:
٥٥٣٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ جُوَيْبِرٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ قَوْلَهُ: وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: هُمْ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، هُمُ الدُّعَاةُ الرُّوَاةُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ
٥٥٤٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ الأَوْدِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُفَضَّلٍ، ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا غر خَالِدٌ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَداً غَيْرَ الرَّجُلِ، يَعْنِي:
الَّذِي أَمَّنَهُ عَمَّارٌ، وَأَخَذه وأخذَ مَالَهُ، فَبَلَغَ عَمَّاراً الْخَبَرُ، فَأَتَى خَالِداً فَقَالَ: خَلِّ عَنِ
