peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Then he said: "Irrigate, O Zubayr, then hold the water until it returns to the wall." The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, upheld the right of al-Zubayr. Before that, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had indicated to al-Zubayr to be accommodating—meaning he desired leniency for his sake and for the Ansari. But when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, became displeased with the Ansari, he upheld al-Zubayr’s right in a clear judgment. Al-Zubayr said: "I do not believe this verse was revealed except concerning this: 'But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muhammad], judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves. Then they should not find within themselves any discomfort from what you have judged and should submit in [full] submission,'" one of them wanting that over his companion.
5559 - My father narrated to us, 'Amr ibn 'Uthman narrated to us, Abu Haywah narrated to us, Sa'id ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, regarding His saying: "But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe..." the verse, he said: It was revealed concerning al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam and Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah when they disputed over some water; the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, judged that the one higher up should irrigate first, then the one below.
The Second Aspect:
5560 - Yunus ibn 'Abd al-A'la informed us by way of reading, Ibn Wahb reported to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Lahi'ah informed me, from Abu al-Aswad, who said: Two men disputed before the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and he judged between them. The one against whom the judgment was made said: "Return us to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab." The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "Yes, go to 'Umar." When they came to 'Umar, the man said: "O son of al-Khattab, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, judged in my favor against this man, and he said: 'Return us to 'Umar' until I could come out to you both and judge between you." He [‘Umar] came out to them, wrapped in his sword, and struck the one who had said "Return us to 'Umar" and killed him. The other fled toward the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and said: "O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, 'Umar has killed my companion, and had I not escaped him, he would have killed me." The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "I did not think that 'Umar would dare to kill two believers." Then Allah the Exalted revealed: "But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muhammad], judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves. Then they should not find within themselves any discomfort from what you have judged and should submit in [full] submission." So he declared the blood of that man to be void and exonerated 'Umar from killing him. Allah disliked that such a precedent be set thereafter, so He said: "And if We had decreed upon them, 'Kill yourselves or leave your homes,' they would not have done it, except for a few of them," up to His saying: "and more firm in determination."
صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اسْقِ يَا زُبَيْرُ ثُمَّ احْبِسِ الْمَاءَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الْجِدْرِ وَاسْتَرْعَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الزُّبَيْرِ حَقَّهُ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ أَشَارَ عَلَى الزُّبَيْرِ أَيْ أَرَادَ فِيهِ السَّعَةَ لَهُ وَلِلأَنْصَارِيِّ، فَلَمَّا أَحْفَظَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الأَنْصَارِيَّ اسْتَرْعَى لِلزُّبَيْرِ حَقَّهُ فِي صَرِيحِ الْحُكْمِ، فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: وَمَا أَحْسِبُ هذه الآية إلا في نَزَلَتْ فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجاً مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيماً أَحَدُهُمَا يُرِيدُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ بِذَلِكَ.
٥٥٥٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ثنا أَبُو حَيْوَةَ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ الآيَةَ: قَالَ: أُنْزِلَتْ فِي الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ وَحَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ اخْتَصَمَا فِي مَاءٍ، فَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَسْقِيَ الأَعْلَى ثُمَّ الأَسْفَلُ.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٥٥٦٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى قِرَاءَةً، أَنْبَأَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الأَسْوَدِ قَالَ: اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَضَى بَيْنَهُمَا، فَقَالَ الَّذِي قَضَى عَلَيْهِ: رُدَّنَا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: نَعَمْ، انْطَلِقَا إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَلَمَّا أَتَيَا عُمَرَ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ: يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَضَى لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى هَذَا، فَقَالَ: رُدَّنَا إِلَى عُمَرَ حَتَّى أَخْرُجَ إِلَيْكُمَا فَأَقْضِيَ بَيْنَكُمَا، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمَا، مُشْتَمِلا عَلَى سَيْفِهِ فَضَرَبَ الَّذِي قَالَ: رُدَّنَا إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَأَدْبَرَ الآخَرُ فَارّاً إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَتَلَ عُمَرُ وَاللَّهِ صَاحِبِي وَلَوْ مَا أَنِّي أَعْجَزْتُهُ لَقَتَلَنِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا كُنْتُ أظن أن يَجْتَرِئُ عُمَرُ عَلَى قَتْلِ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجاً مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيماً فَهَدَرَ دَمَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ وَبَرِئَ عُمَرُ مِنْ قَتْلِهِ، فَكَرِهَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَسُنَّ ذَلِكَ بَعْدُ، فَقَالَ: «وَلَوْ أَنَّا كَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ أَنِ اقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ أَوِ اخْرُجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ مَا فَعَلُوهُ إلا قَلِيلٌ مِنْهُمْ» إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَأَشَدَّ تَثْبِيتاً
