His saying, the Exalted: "So do not take from among them allies."
[5750] My father narrated to us, Abu Salamah narrated to us, Hammad ibn Salamah narrated to us, from 'Ali ibn Zayd ibn Jud'an, from al-Hasan, that Suraqah ibn Malik al-Mudliji narrated to them, saying: "When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gained victory over the people of Badr and Uhud, and those around them accepted Islam, Suraqah said: 'It reached me that he intends to send Khalid ibn al-Walid to my people, the Banu Mudlij.' I came to him and said: 'I appeal to you by the favor [you owe].' They said: 'Be quiet!' The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 'Leave him, what does he want?' I said: 'It reached me that you intend to send [an army] to my people, and I want you to make a peace treaty with them; if your people accept Islam, they will enter into Islam, and if they do not accept Islam, you will not fear for the hearts of your people regarding them.' So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) took the hand of Khalid ibn al-Walid and said: 'Go with him and do what he wants.' So Khalid made a peace treaty with them on the condition that they would not aid [anyone] against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and if Quraysh accepted Islam, they would accept Islam along with them. Then Allah, the Exalted, revealed: 'They wish you would disbelieve as they disbelieved so you would be alike. So do not take from among them allies.'(1)
His saying, the Exalted: "Until they emigrate in the cause of Allah."
[5751] Muhammad ibn Sa'd al-'Awfi informed us in what he wrote to me, my father narrated to me, my uncle narrated to me, my father narrated to me, from his father, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: 'Until they emigrate in the cause of Allah'—he says: 'Until they do as you have done,' meaning the Hijrah (emigration).
5752 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Abu Usamah narrated to us, 'Imran ibn Hudayr informed me, from 'Ikrimah regarding His saying: 'Until they emigrate in the cause of Allah'—he said: 'Until they make another emigration.'
His saying, the Exalted: "But if they turn away."
[The First Perspective]
5753 - Muhammad ibn Sa'd al-'Awfi informed us in what he wrote to me, my father narrated to me, my uncle narrated to me, my father narrated to me, from his father, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: 'But if they turn away'—he said: 'From the emigration.'
[The Second Perspective]
5754 - Ahmad ibn 'Uthman ibn Hakim al-Awdi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Mufaddal narrated to us, Asbat narrated to us, from al-Suddi regarding His saying: 'But if they turn away'—he says: 'When they show their disbelief.'
(1). Ibn Kathir.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَلا تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ
. [٥٧٥٠]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، ثنا حَمَّادٌ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ سُرَاقَةَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ الْمُدْلِجِيَّ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: لَمَّا ظَهَرَ يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ وَأُحُدٍ، وَأَسْلَمَ مَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ، قَالَ سُرَاقَةُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى قَوْمِي بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ: أَنْشُدُكَ النِّعْمَةَ فَقَالُوا: مَهْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: دَعُوهُ مَا يُرِيدُ. فَقُلْتُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَبْعَثَ إِلَى قَوْمِي، وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ تُوَادِعَهُمْ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَ قَوْمُكَ وَدَخَلُوا فِي الإِسْلامِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمُوا لَمْ تَخْشَنْ لِقُلُوبِ قَوْمِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِيَدِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ فَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ مَعَهُ، فَافْعَلْ مَا يُرِيدُ، فَصَالَحَهُمْ خَالِدٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُعِينُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ قُرَيْشٌ أَسْلَمُوا مَعَهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ كَمَا كَفَرُوا فَتَكُونُونَ سَوَاءً فلا تتخذوا منهم أَوْلِيَاءَ «١» .
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
. [٥٧٥١]
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلُهُ حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: حَتَّى يَصْنَعُوا كَمَا صَنَعْتُمْ يَعْنِي الْهِجْرَةَ.
٥٧٥٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، أَخْبَرَنِي عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حديرٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَوْلَهُ: حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُوا هِجْرَةً أُخْرَى.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فإن تولوا
. [
[الوجه الأول]
٥٧٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ: فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا قَالَ: عَنِ الْهِجْرَةِ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٥٧٥٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ الأَوْدِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُفَضَّلٍ ثنا أَسْبَاطٌ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ قَوْلَهُ: فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا يَقُولُ: إِذَا أَظْهَرُوا كُفْرَهُمْ.
(١) . ابن كثير.
