[5798] Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah narrated to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "But if it is from a people hostile to you and he is a believer," meaning: from the people of war (dar al-harb) and he is a believer, referring to the slain person. He said: It was revealed concerning Mirdas ibn 'Amr, who had embraced Islam, while his people were disbelievers from the people of war. Usamah ibn Zayd killed him by mistake. Therefore, [the penalty is] the freeing of a believing slave, and there is no blood money for them because they are people of war. It was narrated from Ibrahim, 'Ikrimah, al-Sha'bi, Qatadah, al-Suddi, and Ibn 'Abbas something similar.
The Second Interpretation:
[5799] I read to Muhammad ibn al-Fadl ibn Musa, Muhammad ibn 'Ali narrated to us, Abu Wahb Muhammad ibn Muzahim informed us, from Bukayr ibn Ma'ruf, from Muqatil ibn Hayyan, regarding His saying: "But if it is from a people hostile to you and he is a believer, then the freeing of a believing slave," he said: If the believer who was killed has no heirs residing among the Muslims, and the heirs are polytheists from the people of war against the Muslims, then [the penalty is] the freeing of a slave; [Allah] did not assign any lineage/heirs for him.
His saying, the Exalted: "Then the freeing of a believing slave. But if it is from a people between you and them there is a covenant."
[The First Interpretation]
[5800] Ahmad ibn Mansur narrated to us, al-Ahwas ibn Jawwab narrated to us, 'Ammar ibn Zurayq narrated to us, from 'Ata' ibn al-Sa'ib, from Abu Yahya, from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding His saying: "But if it is from a people between you and them there is a covenant," he said: It is a man who is a mu'ahid (covenant-holder), and his people are people of a covenant, so he pledges his religion to them, and the one who struck him frees a slave. It was narrated from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, 'Ikrimah, al-Suddi, al-Zuhri, 'Ata' al-Khurasani, Qatadah, and Ibrahim al-Nakha'i that they said: [It refers to] a covenant.
The Second Interpretation:
[5801] I read to Muhammad ibn al-Fadl, Muhammad ibn 'Ali narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Muzahim informed us, from Bukayr ibn Ma'ruf, from Muqatil ibn Hayyan, regarding His saying: "But if it is from a people between you and them there is a covenant," he says: If the believer who was killed has no offspring among the Muslims, but has offspring among the polytheists from the people of the covenant of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, among those whom there is a covenant between them and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, he says: Pay the blood money to his heirs.
٥٧٩٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَوْلَهُ: فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ يَعْنِي مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ يَعْنِي الْمَقْتُولَ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي مِرْدَاسِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَكَانَ أَسْلَمَ، وَقَوْمُهُ كُفَّارٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ فَقَتَلَهُ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ خَطَاً، فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَلا دِيَةَ لَهُمْ، لأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ الْحَرْبِ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَقَتَادَةَ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٥٧٩٩ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُوسَى، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو وَهْبٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَوْلَهُ: فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ قَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُ الَّذِي قُتِلَ لَيْسَ له ورثة بين ظهراني المسلمين ووراثة الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ ذُرِّيَّةً.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وبينهم ميثاق
[الوجه الأول]
٥٨٠٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا الأَحْوَصُ بْنُ جواب، ثنا عمار بن زريق عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ: وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ قَالَ: هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ مُعَاهَداً وَيَكُونُ قَوْمُهُ أَهْلَ عَهْدٍ فَيُسَلِّمُ إِلَيْهِمْ دِينَهُ وَيُعْتِقُ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ رَقَبَةً.
وَرُوِيَ عَنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ، وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، وَقَتَادَةَ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: عَهْدٌ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٥٨٠١ - قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَوْلَهُ: وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ يَقُولُ: إِنْ كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُ الَّذِي قُتِلَ لَيْسَ لَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيمَنْ بَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِيثَاقٌ يَقُولُ: ادْفَعُوا الدِّيَةَ إِلَى وَرَثَتِهِ.
