His saying, the Exalted: "And made evident those who are steadfast"
4252 - And with the same chain, Ibn Ishaq said: "And made evident those who are steadfast," he says: Have I not tested you with hardship and tried you with adversity, until I know the sincerity of that [which is] your faith in Me, and the patience for what has befallen you for My sake?
His saying, the Exalted: "And you had certainly wished for death before you met it"
4253 - al-Fadl ibn Shadhan narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd al-Hamid narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Ja'far al-Mukharrimi narrated to us, from Abu 'Awn, from al-Miswar ibn Makhramah, from 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf regarding: "And you had certainly wished for death" (the verse), he said: It is the believers wishing to meet the enemy.
4254 - Muhammad ibn Sa'd al-'Awfi informed me in what he wrote to me, my father narrated to me, my paternal uncle narrated to me from his father, from his grandfather, from Ibn 'Abbas, that men from the companions of Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to say: "Would that we were killed as the companions of Badr were killed, and attained martyrdom, or would that we had a day like the day of Badr, fighting the polytheists therein, and displaying excellence therein, and seeking martyrdom, Paradise, life, and sustenance." So Allah caused them to witness Uhud, and they did not remain long, except those whom Allah willed among them, so Allah, the Exalted, said: "And you had certainly wished for death before you met it; now you have seen it while you are looking [on]." It has also been narrated from al-Hasan, Muqatil, Mujahid, al-Suddi, Muhammad ibn Ka'b, and al-Rabi' ibn Anas similarly.
4255 - Muhammad ibn al-'Abbas narrated to us, Muhammad ibn 'Amr Junayj narrated to us, Salamah narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ishaq narrated to us: "And you had certainly wished for death before you met it" meaning: martyrdom regarding the truth that you are upon, before you meet your enemy. Meaning those who insisted to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)—meaning they pressed him to go out with them to their enemy—because they had missed attending the day which was before it at Badr, and due to their desire for the martyrdom they had missed therein.
His saying, the Exalted: "Now you have seen it"
[The first interpretation]
4256 - al-Hasan ibn Ahmad narrated to us, Musa ibn Muhkam narrated to us, Abu Bakr al-Hanafi narrated to us, 'Abbad ibn Mansur narrated to us, he said: I asked al-Hasan about His saying: "And you had certainly wished for death before you met it; now you have seen it," he said: You have seen the fighting, so fight now.
(1). al-Tafsir 1/137.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَيَعْلَمَ الصَّابِرِينَ
٤٢٥٢ - وَبِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ إسحاق ويعلم الصابرين بقول: لَمْ أَخْتَبِرْكُمْ بِالشِّدَّةِ وَأَبْتَلِيكُمْ بِالْمَكَارِهِ، حَتَّى أَعْلَمَ صِدْقَ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمُ الإِيمَانُ بِي، وَالصَّبْرُ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَكُمْ فِيَّ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ
٤٢٥٣ - حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ الآيَةَ قَالَ: هُوَ تَمَنِّي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوَ.
٤٢٥٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا عَمِّي عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رِجَالا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ:
لَيْتَنَا نُقْتَلُ كَمَا قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ بَدْرٍ وَنَسْتَشْهِدُ، أَوْ لَيْتَ لَنَا يَوْماً كَيَوْمِ بَدْرٍ نُقَاتِلُ فِيهِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَنُبْلِي فِيهِ خَيْراً، وَنَلْتَمِسُ الشَّهَادَةَ وَالْجَنَّةَ وَالْحَيَاةَ وَالرِّزْقَ، فَأَشْهَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ أُحُداً فَلَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَمُقَاتِلٍ وَمُجَاهِدٍ «١» ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
٤٢٥٥ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو زُنَيْجٌ، ثنا سَلَمَةُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ ابن إِسْحَاقَ: وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ أَيِ الشَّهَادَةَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَلْقَوْا عَدُوَّكُمْ، يَعْنِي الَّذِينَ اسْتَنَاصُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْنِي اسْتَكْرَهُوهُ إِلَى الْخُرُوجِ بِهِمْ إِلَى عَدُوِّهِمْ لِمَا فَاتَهُمْ مِنْ حُضُورِ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي كَانَ قَبْلَهُ بِبَدْرٍ، وَرَغْبَتُهُمْ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ الَّتِي فَاتَتْهُمْ بِهِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ
[الوجه الأول]
٤٢٥٦ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ مُحْكَمٍ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ، ثنا عَبَّادُ ابْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الْحَسَنَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ قَالَ: فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُ الْقِتَالَ، وقاتلوا الآن.
(١) . التفسير ١/ ١٣٧.
