4376 - Muhammad ibn al-'Abbas narrated to us, Muhammad ibn 'Amr narrated to us, Salamah narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: Then Allah said to His Prophet: "Say, 'Even if you had been inside your houses, you would not have attended this place where what was shown of your secrets was manifested; rather, those decreed to be killed would have been driven out to another place to fall, until they were killed there.'"
His saying, the Exalted: "And that Allah might test what is in your breasts and that He might purify what is in your hearts."
4377 - Muhammad ibn al-'Abbas narrated to us, Muhammad ibn 'Amr narrated to us, Salamah narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Ishaq said regarding: "And that Allah might test what is in your breasts and that He might purify what is in your hearts," he said: He tests by it what is in your breasts.
His saying, the Exalted: "And Allah is Knowing of that within the breasts."
4378 - By the same chain, Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: "And Allah is Knowing of that within the breasts," meaning: That which is in their breasts, from what they have concealed from you, is not hidden from Him.
His saying, the Exalted: "Indeed, those of you who turned back."
4379 - Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd al-Hamid narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Ja'far al-Mukharrimi narrated to us, from Abu 'Awn, from al-Miswar ibn Makhramah, from 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf, regarding "Indeed, those of you who turned back," he said: They are three: one from the Muhajirin and two from the Ansar.
4380 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Bukayr narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted when the Muslims were defeated on the day of Uhud: "Indeed, those of you who turned back," meaning those who withdrew from the fighting defeated. Something of this was also narrated from al-Suddi.
4381 - Al-Hasan ibn Ahmad narrated to us, Musa ibn Muhkam narrated to us, Abu Bakr al-Hanafi narrated to us, 'Abbad ibn Mansur narrated to us, from al-Hasan regarding His saying: "Indeed, those of you who turned back on the day the two armies met," he said: A group of them fled; they deviated slightly, then they returned.
٤٣٧٦ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ثنا سَلَمَةُ قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمّ قَالَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ: قُلْ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ لَمْ تَحْضُرُوا هَذَا الْمَوْطِنِ الَّذِي أُظْهِرَ فِيهِ ما أظهر من سرائكم، لأُخْرِجَ الَّذِينَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَتْلُ إِلَى مَوْطِنٍ غَيْرِهِ يُصْرَعُونَ فِيهِ، حَتَّى يُصْرَعُوا فِيهِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَلِيَبْتَلِيَ اللَّهُ مَا فِي صُدُورِكُمْ وَلِيُمَحِّصَ مَا فِي قلوبكم
٤٣٧٧ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ثنا سَلَمَةُ قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَلِيَبْتَلِيَ اللَّهُ مَا فِي صُدُورِكُمْ وَلِيُمَحِّصَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ قَالَ يَبْتَلِي بِهِ مَا فِي صُدُورِكُمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ
٤٣٧٨ - وَبِهِ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ أَيْ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِمَّا اسَتَخْفُوا بِهِ مِنْكُمْ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ
٤٣٧٩ - حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ قَالَ: هُمْ ثَلاثَةٌ: وَاحِدٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَاثَنَانِ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ.
٤٣٨٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى حِينَ انْهَزَمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ. إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَعْنِي الَّذِينَ انْصَرَفُوا عَنِ الْقِتَالِ مُنْهَزِمِينَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ.
٤٣٨١ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ مُحْكَمٍ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ، ثنا عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَوْلَهُ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ التقى الجمعان قَالَ:
فَرَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ، زَاغَتْ قَلِيلا ثُمَّ رجعوا.
