His saying, the Almighty: "Whoever does evil."
[5991] Muhammad ibn Hammad al-Tihrani narrated to me, Hafs ibn 'Umar informed me, al-Hakam ibn Aban narrated to us, from 'Ikrimah, from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding His saying: "Whoever does evil," he said: It is shirk (polytheism). It was narrated from al-Dahhak similarly.
His saying, the Almighty: "Whoever does evil will be recompensed for it."
[The First Interpretation]
[5992] Abu Sa'id al-Ashaj narrated to us, 'Uqbah ibn Khalid narrated to me, from Isma'il ibn Abi Khalid, from Abu Bakr ibn Abi Zubayr al-Thaqafi, he said: Abu Bakr al-Siddiq said: O Messenger of Allah, how can there be salvation after this verse? He said: Which verse? He said: "[It is] not by your wishful thinking nor by the wishful thinking of the People of the Scripture. Whoever does evil will be recompensed for it." Are we to be held accountable for everything we did during the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era)? The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: May Allah forgive you, O Abu Bakr! May Allah have mercy on you, O Abu Bakr! Do you not grieve? Do you not suffer? Do you not endure hardship? He said: Yes. He said: That is what you are being recompensed for.
[5993] Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sabah narrated to us, 'Abd al-Wahhab ibn 'Ata' narrated to us, from Ziyad al-Jassas, from 'Ali ibn Zayd, from Mujahid, he said: Ibn 'Umar said: Abu Bakr al-Siddiq narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Whoever does evil will be recompensed for it in this world.
[5994] Ahmad ibn Sinan al-Wasiti narrated to us, Rawh ibn 'Ubadah narrated to us, Musa ibn 'Ubaydah narrated to us, the freed slave of Ibn Siba' informed me, he said: I heard 'Abd Allah ibn 'Umar narrating from Abu Bakr—meaning al-Siddiq—he said: I was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) when this verse was revealed to him: "Whoever does evil will be recompensed for it, and he will not find for himself besides Allah any protector or helper." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: O Abu Bakr, shall I recite to you a verse that was revealed to me? I said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah. He said: So he recited it to me. He said: I felt such a sharp pain in my back that I writhed from it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: What is wrong with you, O Abu Bakr? I said: O Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you, who has not done evil? And we shall surely be recompensed for what we have done! The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: As for you, O Abu Bakr, and your believing companions, you shall be recompensed for that in this world until you meet Allah with no sins remaining for you. As for the others, that will be accumulated for them until they are recompensed for it on the Day of Resurrection.
(1). Al-Durr, 2/226. (2). Al-Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Tafsir, no. 3039.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا.
٥٩٩١ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ الطِّهْرَانِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثنا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ، عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا قَالَ: الشِّرْكُ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ مِثْلُهُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ به.
[الوجه الأول]
٥٩٩٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عُقْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي زُبيْرٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ الصَّلاحُ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ؟ قَالَ: أَيُّ آيَةٍ؟ قَالَ: لَيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ وَلا أَمَانِيِّ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ أَفْكُلُّ مَا عَمِلْنَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّة نُؤْخَذُ بِهِ؟
فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، رَحِمَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، أَلَسْتَ تَحْزَنُ؟ أَلَسْتَ تُنْصَبُ؟ أَلَسْتَ تُصِيبُكَ الأواء؟ قَالَ: بَلَى. قَالَ: فَذَاكَ الَّذِي تُجْزَوْنَ بِهِ «١» .
٥٩٩٣ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ زِيَادٍ الْجَصَّاصُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ أن رسول الله صلى عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا
٥٩٩٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، ثنا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَوْلَى ابْنِ سِبَاعٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَعْنِي الصِّدِّيقَ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ: مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ وَلَا يَجِدْ لَهُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلا نَصِيرًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، أَلا أُقْرِئُكَ آيَةً نَزَلَتْ عَلَيَّ؟ قُلْتُ: بَلَى يَا رسول الله. قال: فَأَقْرَأَنِيهَا، قَالَ: فَلا أَعْلَمُ إِلا أَنِّي وَجَدْتُ إنْقِصَامًا فِي ظَهْرِي حَتَّى تَمَطَّأْتُ لَهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ؟ فَقُلْتُ:
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي وَأين لَمْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا وَإِنَّا لَمُجْزَوْنَ بِمَا عَمِلْنَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَأَصْحَابُكَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ فَسَتُجْزَوْنَ بِذَلِكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى تَلْقَوُا اللَّهَ وَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبٌ، وَأَمَّا الآخَرُونَ فَيُجْمَعُ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى يُجْزَوْا به يوم القيامة «٢» .
(١) . الدر ٢/ ٢٢٦(٢) . الترمذي كتاب التفسير رقم ٣٠٣٩.
