regarding the polytheists, for they used to dispute with the companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying: 'As for that which Allah killed, you do not eat from it'—meaning carrion—'and as for that which you yourselves killed, you do eat from it.' So Allah revealed: 'And do not eat of that upon which the name of Allah has not been mentioned, and indeed, it is grave disobedience' [Surah al-An'am: 121], up to His saying: 'you are indeed polytheists.' He said: 'If you eat carrion and obey them, you are indeed polytheists.' (1)
His saying, the Almighty: "Is one who was dead"
[The First Interpretation]
7851 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "Is one who was dead," meaning: he was a disbeliever, astray.
It was narrated from Mujahid, al-Suddi, and Abu Sinan similar to that.
7852 - My father narrated to us, 'Amr ibn Rafi' Abu al-Hajar narrated to us, Shu'ayb ibn al-'Ala' narrated to us. Abu Muhammad—meaning he is known by the kunyah Abu Hurayrah—narrated from Abu Sinan, from al-Dahhak regarding His saying: "Is one who was dead and We gave him life," he said: "'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him."
7853 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yunus ibn 'Abd al-A'la narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Wahb informed us, Khalid ibn Humayd informed us, from whomever narrated to him, from Zayd ibn Aslam that he said regarding the saying of Allah: "Is one who was dead and We gave him life," that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prayed and said: "O Allah, strengthen Islam through Abu Jahl ibn Hisham or through 'Umar ibn al-Khattab." He said: "They were both dead in their misguidance. So Allah gave life to 'Umar through Islam and strengthened him, and left Abu Jahl in his misguidance and death." He said: "It was concerning them that this verse was revealed."
[The Second Interpretation]
7854 - 'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, 'Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us, Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah narrated to us, from Bishr ibn Taym, from a man, from 'Ikrimah: "Is one who was dead and We gave him life and made for him light wherewith he walks among the people," he said: "It was revealed concerning 'Ammar ibn Yasir."
His saying: "And We gave him life"
7855 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih the scribe of al-Layth narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "Is one who was dead and We gave him life," meaning: We guided him.
It was narrated from Mujahid, al-Suddi, and Abu Sinan similar to that.
(1). See al-Durr 3/351.
فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَانُوا يُخَاصِمُونَ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَيَقُولُونَ: أَمَّا مَا قَتَلَ اللَّهُ فَلا تَأْكُلُونَ مِنْهُ يَعْنِي الْمَيْتَةَ، وأما ما قتلتم أنتم فَتَأْكُلُونَ مِنْهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ:
وَلا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنَّهُ لَفِسْقٌ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّكُمْ لَمُشْرِكُونَ قَالَ: لَئِنْ أَكَلْتُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَأَطَعْتُمُوهُمْ إِنَّكُمْ لَمُشْرِكُونَ «١» .
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: أَوَمَنْ كان ميتا
[الوجه الأول]
٧٨٥١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: قَوْلَهُ: أَوَمَنْ كَانَ مَيْتًا يَعْنِي كَانَ كَافِرًا ضَالا.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَالسُّدِّيِّ وَأَبِي سِنَانٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.
٧٨٥٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ رَافِعٍ أَبُو الْحَجَرِ ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ الْعَلاءِ قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ- يَعْنِي يُكَنَّى بِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ- عَنْ أَبِي سِنَانٍ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: أَوَمَنْ كَانَ مَيْتًا فَأَحْيَيْنَاهُ قَالَ: عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ.
٧٨٥٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى، أنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ أنا خالد ابن حُمَيْدٍ، عَمَّنْ من حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: أَوَمَنْ كَانَ مَيْتًا فَأَحْيَيْنَاهُ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ أَعِزَّ الإِسْلامَ بِأَبِي جَهْلِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ أَوْ بِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ. قَالَ: وَكَانَا مَيْتَيْنِ فِي ضَلالَتِهِمَا، فَأَحْيَا اللَّهُ عُمَرَ بِالإِسْلامِ، وَأَعَزَّهُ، وَأَقَرَّ أَبَا جَهْلٍ فِي ضَلالَتِهِ وَمَوْتِهِ، قَالَ: فَفِيهِمَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٧٨٥٤ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ بشر ابن تَيْمٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: أَوَمَنْ كَانَ مَيْتًا فَأَحْيَيْنَاهُ وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُ نُورًا يَمْشِي بِهِ فِي النَّاسِ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ.
قَوْلُهُ: فَأَحْيَيْنَاهُ
٧٨٥٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ ابْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: قَوْلَهُ: أَوَمَنْ كَانَ مَيْتًا فَأَحْيَيْنَاهُ يَعْنِي فَهَدَيْنَاهُ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَالسُّدِّيِّ وَأَبِي سنان نحو ذلك.
(١) . انظر الدر ٣/ ٣٥١.
