the entirety of the spoils before any fifth is taken from them, which is that which is given to the guides, the herders of livestock, and those who drive them. There is disagreement regarding all of this.

Al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman said: Al-Shafi'i said: Anfal means that nothing should be taken from the main body of the spoils before the fifth, except for the salab.

[The second aspect]

of the nafal:

It is something added to what they already had, and that is from the fifth of the Prophet (peace be upon him), for he is entitled to a fifth of the fifth from every spoil. Therefore, it is appropriate for the Imam to exercise his ijtihad; when the enemy is numerous, their power is intense, and the number of Muslims facing them is small, he may grant them a nafal, following the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and if that is not the case, he does not grant a nafal.

[The third aspect]

of the nafal:

When the Imam sends a detachment or an army and says to them before meeting (the enemy): "Whoever takes any spoils, it belongs to him after the fifth," then it belongs to them according to what the Imam has stipulated, because they fought based on that, and they were satisfied with it.

[Those who interpreted the verse to mean the salab which a man earns by killing a polytheist without it being subject to the fifth or anyone else sharing in it]

8758 - Yunus ibn 'Abd al-A'la informed us by way of reading, Ibn Wahb informed us that Malik narrated to him, from Yahya ibn Sa'id, from 'Umar ibn Kathir ibn Aflah, from Abu Muhammad, the freed slave of Ibn Qatadah, from Ibn Qatadah, that he said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in the year of Hunayn. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever kills a man who is slain, and has proof of it, his salab (spoils) belongs to him." I stood up, and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "What is the matter with you, O Abu Qatadah?" So I related the story to him: that I struck a man of the polytheists with the sword on the shoulder blade, then death overtook him. A man from the group said: He has spoken the truth, O Messenger of Allah, and the spoils of that slain man are with me. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to him: "Give them to him." (1)

8759 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Ma'n told us, from Malik ibn Anas, from al-Zuhri, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, who said: A man asked Ibn 'Abbas about the Anfal, and he said: The horse is from the nafal, and the salab is from the nafal.