and gathering it. A group stood around the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) so that the enemy would not strike him at an unguarded moment.
Those who gathered the spoils said: We secured and gathered them, so no one else has a share in them. Those who went out in pursuit of the enemy said: You are no more entitled to them than we are; we repelled the enemy from them and defeated them. And those who stood around the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: You are no more entitled to them than we are; we stood around the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and feared that the enemy might strike him at an unguarded moment, so we were occupied with him. Then "They ask you about the anfal. Say: The anfal are for Allah and the Messenger. So fear Allah and settle your differences, and obey Allah and His Messenger if you are believers" was revealed. So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) divided them among the Muslims, and he would say: "Let the strong among the Muslims restore to their weak." (1)
Ahmed ibn 'Uthman ibn Hakim informed us, in what he wrote to me, narrated to us Ahmed ibn Mufaddal, narrated to us Asbat, from al-Suddi, regarding "And settle your differences," he said: Do not insult one another.
8770 - My father narrated to us, narrated to us Hisham ibn 'Ammar, narrated to us al-Walid, narrated to us Sa'id ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz that he heard Makhul narrating: That the settling of their differences was that the spoils were returned, and then divided between those who remained with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and those who fought and gained them.
It was narrated from Qatadah and Matar that they both said: He commanded them to restore to one another.
[His saying, the Almighty: "And obey Allah and His Messenger"]
[The first aspect]
8771 - Al-Mundhir ibn Shadhan narrated to us, narrated to us Ya'la ibn 'Ubayd, narrated to us 'Abd al-Malik, from 'Ata', regarding his saying: "Obey Allah and His Messenger," he said: The obedience of the Messenger is following the Book and the Sunnah.
The second aspect:
8772 - 'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, narrated to us Abu al-Tahir, informed us Ibn Wahb, narrated to me Abu Sakhr, from Muhammad ibn Ka'b al-Qurazi, who said: And Abu Mu'awiyah al-Bajali informed us, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, regarding "And obey Allah and His Messenger," he said: Surrender the sword to him. Then it was abrogated by "And know that whatever thing you gain, then for Allah is its fifth..."
(1). Al-Durr 3/159, Musnad al-Imam Ahmad 5/323.
وَيَجْمَعُونَهُ، وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- لَا يُصِيبُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غُرَّةً.
قال الذين جمعوا الغنائم: نحن حويناهم وجمعناها فَلَيْسَ لأَحَدٍ فِيهَا نَصِيبٌ، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا فِي طَلَبِ الْعَدُوِّ: لَسْتُمْ بِأَحَقِّ بِهَا مِنَّا، نَحْنُ نَفَيْنَا عَنْهَا الْعَدُوَّ وَهَزَمْنَاهُمْ، وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَسْتُمْ بِأَحَقِّ بِهَا مِنَّا، أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- وَخِفْنَا أَنْ يُصِيبَ العدو منه غرة فاشتغلنا به فنزلت يسئلونك عَنِ الأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَسَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: لِيَرُدَّ قَوِيُّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى ضَعِيفِهِمْ «١» .
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُفَضَّلٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطٌ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ قَالَ: لَا تَسْتَبُّوا.
٨٧٧٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ ثنا الْوَلِيدُ حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَكْحُولاً يُحَدِّثُ: أَنَّ صَلاحَ ذَاتِ بَيْنِهِمْ كَانَ أَنْ رُدَّتِ الْغَنَائِمُ، فَقُسِمَتْ بَيْنَ مَنْ ثَبَتَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. وَبَيْنَ مَنْ قَاتَلَ وَغَنِمَ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَمَطَرٍ أَنَّهُمَا قَالا: أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَرُدَّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ.
[قوله تعالى: وأطيعوا الله ورسوله]
[الوجه الأول]
٨٧٧١ - حَدَّثَنَا الْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ ثنا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ثنا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ قَالَ: طَاعَةُ الرَّسُولِ اتِّبَاعُ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٨٧٧٢ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ أَنْبَأَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو صَخْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ الْبَجَلِيُّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أَسْلِمُوا السَّيْفَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ نُسِخَتْ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خمسه
(١) . الدر ٣/ ١٥٩، مسند الإمام احمد ٥/ ٣٢٣.
