His saying, the Almighty: "So do not turn your backs to them."
8890 - It was mentioned from 'Affan, 'Abd al-Wahid ibn Ziyad narrated to us, al-Harith ibn Hasirah narrated to us from al-Qasim ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, from his father, who said: 'Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud—may Allah be pleased with him—said: I was with the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—on the day of Hunayn, and the people turned away from him, and I remained with him among eighty men of the Emigrants. We retreated on our feet for about eighty feet, and we did not turn our backs to them, and they are those upon whom Allah sent down tranquility.
His saying, the Almighty: "And whoever turns his back to them on that day."
8891 - Ahmad ibn Sinan narrated to us, Zakariyya ibn Yahya ibn Subayh narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn al-'Awwam narrated to us, Dawud informed us from Abu Nadrah, from Abu Sa'id regarding His saying: "And whoever turns his back to them on that day," he said: It is specifically for the people of Badr. It was narrated from 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, Ibn 'Umar, Nafi', 'Ikrimah, al-Hasan, al-Dahhak, Qatadah, al-Rabi' ibn Anas, Abu Nadrah, and Yazid ibn Abi Habib the same.
8892 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Bukayr narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Lahi'ah narrated to us, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me from Sa'id ibn Jubayr: "And whoever turns his back to them on that day"—meaning: specifically on the day of Badr, fleeing.
His saying, the Almighty: "Unless inclining to war."
[The First Aspect]
8893 - And through the same chain from Sa'id ibn Jubayr: "Unless inclining to war"—meaning: maneuvering, intending to return upon the polytheists. It was narrated from al-Suddi that he said: Maneuvering means intending to return.
And the second aspect:
8894 - 'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah and Muhammad ibn al-'Ala' narrated to us, both saying: Abu Khalid al-Ahmar narrated to us from Juwaybir, from al-Dahhak: "Unless inclining to war," and that the one inclining is the one advancing from his companions to see a weakness of the enemy and strike it.
His saying, the Almighty: "Or maneuvering."
8895 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Bukayr narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me from Sa'id ibn Jubayr: "Or maneuvering to a company"—meaning: or withdrawing to his companions without being in a state of defeat.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَلا تُوَلُّوهُمُ الأَدْبَارَ
٨٨٩٠ - ذُكِرَ عَنْ عَفَّانَ ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ ثنا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَصِيرَةَ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ، عَنْهُ كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ فَوَلَّى النَّاسُ عَنْهُ، وَبَقِيتُ مَعَهُ فِي ثَمَانِينَ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، نَكَصْنَا عَلَى أَقْدَامِنَا نَحْوًا مِنْ ثَمَانِينَ قَدَمًا وَلَمْ نُوَلِّهِمُ الدُّبُرَ وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّكِينَةَ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ
٨٨٩١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ ثنا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ أَنْبَأَ دَاودُ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ قَالَ:
إِنَّهَا لأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ خَاصَّةً وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَنَافِعٍ وَعِكْرِمَةَ وَالْحَسَنِ وَالضَّحَّاكِ وَقَتَادَةَ وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَأَبِي نَضْرَةَ وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ.
٨٨٩٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ يَعْنِي: يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ خَاصَّةً مُنْهَزِمًا.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِلا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ
[الوجه الأول]
٨٨٩٣ - وَبِهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ إِلا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ يَعْنِي مُسْتَطْرِدًا يُرِيدُ الْكَرَّةَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الاسْتِطْرَادُ يُرِيدُ الْعَوْدَةَ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
٨٨٩٤ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاءِ قَالا:
ثنا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ عَنْ جُوَيْبِرٍ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ إِلا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ وَأَنَّ الْمُتَحَرِّفَ:
الْمُتَقَدِّمُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، أَنْ يَرَى عَوْرَةً مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ فَيُصِيبَهَا.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا
٨٨٩٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَى فِئَةٍ يَعْنِي: أَوْ يَنْحَازُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَزِيمَةٍ.
