His saying, the Almighty: "To a company."
8896 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Ibn Fudayl narrated to us, from Yazid ibn Abi Ziyad, from 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla, from Ibn 'Umar, who said: I was in an expedition among the campaigns of the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and we encountered the enemy. The people panicked, and I was among those who panicked. When we reached Medina, we came to the Messenger of Allah, having intended to do such and such. He said: "No, I am the company (fi'ah) of the Muslims." Then he recited: "Unless inclining to war or maneuvering to a company."
8897 - My father narrated to us, Hassan ibn 'Abd Allah al-Masri narrated to us, Khallad ibn Sulayman al-Hadrami narrated to us, Nafi' narrated to us that he asked Ibn 'Umar, saying: "We are a people who do not stand firm when fighting our enemy, and we do not know if the company (fi'ah) is our Imam or our army?" He said to me: "The company is the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace." I said: "But Allah says: 'When you meet those who disbelieve marching [to battle], do not turn your backs to them.'" He said: "This verse was revealed only for the people of Badr, neither before them nor after them."
8898 - My father narrated to us, Sahl ibn 'Uthman narrated to us, Yahya ibn Abi Za'idah narrated to us, from Isma'il ibn Ibrahim, from 'Abd al-Malik ibn 'Umayr, who said: 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said: "Do not let this verse deceive you, for it was only on the day of Badr, and I am a company (fi'ah) for every Muslim."
8899 - 'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah and Muhammad ibn al-'Ala' narrated to us, both saying: Abu Khalid al-Ahmar narrated to us, from Juwaybir, from al-Dahhak: "Or maneuvering to a company," and the one maneuvering is the one fleeing to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and his companions; likewise is he who flees today to his commander and his companions.
8900 - My father narrated to us, Sahl ibn 'Uthman narrated to us, Yahya ibn Abi Za'idah narrated to us, from al-Mubarak, from al-Hasan regarding: "Or maneuvering to a company," he said: "That was on the day of Badr. If the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—was abandoned, where would he go? So whoever flees today to any of the cities, he has retreated [to a company]."
His saying, the Almighty: "Then he has incurred wrath."
8901 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Bukayr narrated to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to us, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me from Sa'id ibn Jubayr: "Then he has incurred wrath from Allah"—meaning: he has made Allah's wrath incumbent upon himself."
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِلَى فِئَةٍ
٨٨٩٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ ثنا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي غزوة في بعض مسائح النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَقِيَنَا الْعَدُوُّ فَحَاصَ النَّاسُ حَيْصَةً فَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ حَاصَ، فَلَمَّا أَتَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ هَمَمْنَا بِكَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ: لَا، أَنَا فِئَةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ إِلا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَى فِئَةٍ
٨٨٩٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا حَسَّانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمِصْرِيُّ ثنا خَلادُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا نَافِعٌ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ قُلْتُ: إِنَّا قَوْمٌ لَا نَثْبُتُ عِنْدَ قِتَالِ عَدُوِّنَا وَلا نَدْرِي مِنَ الْفِئَةِ إِمَامَنَا أَوْ عَسْكَرَنَا؟ فَقَالَ لِي: الْفِئَةُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا زَحْفًا فَلا تُوَلُّوهُمُ الأَدْبَارَ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ لأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ، لَا قَبْلَهَا وَلا بَعْدَهَا.
٨٨٩٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا سَهْلُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: لَا تَغُرَّنَّكُمْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ، فَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَأَنَا فِئَةٌ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ.
٨٨٩٩ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاءِ قَالا ثنا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ عَنْ جُوَيْبِرٍ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَى فِئَةٍ وَالْمُتَحَيِّزُ الْفَارُّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- وَأَصْحَابِهِ، كَذَلِكَ مَنْ فَرَّ الْيَوْمَ إِلَى أَمِيرِهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ.
٨٩٠٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا سَهْلُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ عَنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَى فِئَةٍ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، إِذَا تُرِكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَيْنَ يَذْهَبُ؟ فَمَنْ فَاءَ الْيَوْمَ إِلَى مِصْرٍ مِنَ الأَمْصَارِ فَقَدْ فَاءَ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِغَضَبٍ
٨٩٠١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي: فَقَدْ أَوْجَبَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ.
