The Second Aspect:
It is that it belongs to the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
9089 - My father narrated to us, Abu Ma'mar al-Minqari narrated to us, Abd al-Warith ibn Sa'id narrated to us, from al-Husayn al-Mu'allim, he said: I asked Abdullah ibn Buraydah about His saying: "And know that anything you take as booty, then for Allah is one-fifth of it and for the Messenger." He said: That which is for Allah is for His Prophet, and that which is for the Messenger is for his wives.
The Third Aspect:
9090 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to us, from Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn Abbas regarding the saying of Allah: "And know that anything you take as booty, then for Allah is one-fifth of it and for the Messenger." Ibn Abbas said: The booty would be divided into five fifths; four of them were between those who fought for it, and one fifth was divided into four fifths; a quarter for Allah and the Messenger. Whatever was for Allah and the Messenger was for the kin of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not take anything from the one-fifth.
The Fourth Aspect:
9091 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Abu Usamah and Abu Nu'aym narrated to us, from Qays ibn Muslim, he said: I asked al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Ali about His saying: "Then for Allah is one-fifth of it and for the Messenger." He said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away, his companions differed after him. Some of them said the share of the Prophet (peace be upon him) is for the Caliph, and they reached a consensus of opinion to place it in the horses and equipment in the way of Allah; thus it was during the caliphate of Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them).
His saying, the Almighty: "And for the near of kin"
[The First Aspect]
9092 - Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Yazid al-Muqri narrated to us, Sufyan narrated to us, from Isma'il ibn Umayyah, from Sa'id al-Maqburi, from Yazid ibn Hurmuz, he said: Najdah wrote to Ibn Abbas asking him about the 'near of kin' (dhawi al-qurba). Ibn Abbas said: As for the near of kin, we believe that we are them, but our people refuse that for us.
(1). Ibn Kathir said: This is the opinion of a large group of scholars 4/7.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
أَنَّهُ لِأَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
٩٠٨٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ الْمِنْقَرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْمُعَلِّمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ فَقَالَ: الَّذِي لِلَّهِ فَلِنَبِيِّهِ، والذين لِلرَّسُولِ لأَزْوَاجِهِ.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
٩٠٩٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَانَتِ الْغَنِيمَةُ تُقْسَمُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَخْمَاسٍ فَأَرْبَعَةٌ مِنْهَا بَيْنَ مَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهَا وَخُمْسٌ وَاحِدٌ يُقْسَمُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَخْمَاسٍ فَرُبْعٌ لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ، فَمَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ فَلِقُرْبَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَلَمْ يَأْخُذِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الْخُمْسِ شَيْئًا.
الْوَجْهُ الرَّابِعُ:
٩٠٩١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ فَقَالَ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا قُبِضَ اخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُهُ مِنْ بَعْدَهُ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ سَهْمُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْخَلِيفَةِ وَأَجْمَعُوا رَأْيَهُمْ أَنْ يَجْعَلُوهَا فِي الْخَيْلِ وَالْعُدَّةِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَكَانَ خِلافَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا «١»
قَوْلُهُ تعالى: ولذي القربى
[الوجه الأول]
٩٠٩٢ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ المقري ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ نَجْدَةُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ ذَوِي الْقُرْبَى قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَأَمَّا ذَوِي الْقُرْبَى فَإِنَّا نَزْعُمُ أَنَّا نَحْنُ هُمْ فَيَأْبَى ذلك علينا قومنا
(١) . قال ابن كثير: وهذا قول طائفة كثيرة من العلماء ٤/ ٧.
