His saying the Exalted: "Indeed, those who have believed and emigrated and fought with their wealth and lives in the cause of Allah and those who gave shelter and aided - they are allies of one another."
Its explanation has already preceded, and Allah knows best.
His saying the Exalted: "For them is forgiveness and a noble provision."
9203 - Abu Yazid al-Qaratisi informed us - in what he wrote to me - that Asbagh ibn al-Faraj informed [us] that 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn Aslam said regarding Allah's saying "forgiveness": It means by abandoning sins. And "noble provision," he said: righteous deeds.
His saying the Exalted: "And those who believed after [the initial emigration] and emigrated and fought with you - they are of you."
9204 - Muhammad ibn al-'Abbas, the freed slave of the Banu Hashim, narrated to us, Muhammad ibn 'Amr narrated to us, Salamah narrated to us, from Ibn Ishaq, who said: Allah urged the believers to connect [with one another], and He made the Emigrants (Muhajirun) and the Helpers (Ansar) a people of mutual guardianship in the religion, excluding all others.
9205 - My father narrated to us, 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn Munib narrated to us, Abu Mu'adh al-Nahwi narrated to us, 'Ubayd ibn Sulayman narrated to us, from al-Dahhak regarding His saying: "And those who believed after and emigrated and fought with you - they are of you." For the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) died leaving the people in four ranks: a believing Emigrant, a Bedouin Muslim, those who gave shelter and aided, and the followers in goodness.
[His saying the Exalted: "But those of blood [kin] are more entitled to inheritance one to the other, in the Book of Allah."]
[The first aspect]
9206 - My father narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Bakr al-Mus'abi, a resident of Baghdad, narrated to us, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi al-Zinad narrated to us, from Hisham ibn 'Urwah, from his father, from al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam, who said: Allah revealed regarding us, specifically the people of Quraysh and the Ansar: "But those of blood [kin] are more entitled to inheritance one to the other, in the Book of Allah." He said: This is because we, the people of Quraysh, when we arrived in Medina and had no wealth, we found the Ansar to be excellent brothers, so we fraternized with them and made them heirs. Abu Bakr fraternized with Kharijah ibn Zayd, 'Umar fraternized with so-and-so, and 'Uthman ibn 'Affan fraternized with a man from the Banu Zurayq ibn Sa'd al-Zuraqi—and some people say other than him. Al-Zubayr said: I fraternized with Ka'b ibn Malik, and they made us heirs and we made them heirs. When the day of Uhud arrived, it was said to me: "Your brother Ka'b ibn Malik has been killed," so I went to him and moved him, and I found his armor had weighed him down in what
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَنَصَرُوا أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا
قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ تَفْسِيرُهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَرُزِقٌ كَرِيمٌ
٩٢٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَزِيدَ الْقَرَاطِيسِيُّ- فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ- أَنْبَأَ أَصْبَغُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ مَغْفِرَةٌ قَالَ: بِتَرْكِ الذُّنُوبِ وَرُزِقٌ كَرِيمٌ قَالَ: الأَعْمَالُ الصَّالِحَةُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْ بَعْدٌ وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا مَعَكُمْ فَأُولَئِكَ مِنْكُمْ
٩٢٠٤ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ثنا سَلَمَةُ عَنْ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَضَّ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى التَّوَاصُلِ، فَجَعَلَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأَنْصَارَ أَهْلَ وِلايَةٍ فِي الدِّينِ دُونَ مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ.
٩٢٠٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُنِيبٍ ثنا أَبُو مُعَاذٍ النَّحْوِيُّ ثنا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ قَوْلُهُ: وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا (مِنْ بَعْدُ) وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا معكم فأولئك مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ النَّاسَ عَلَى أَرْبَعِ مَنَازِلِ: مُؤْمِنٌ مُهَاجِرٌ، وَمُسْلِمٌ أَعْرَابِيٌّ وَالَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَنَصَرُوا وَالتَّابِعِينَ بإحسان.
[قوله تعالى: وأولوا الأرحام بعضهم أولى ببعض الآية.]
[الوجه الأول]
٩٢٠٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْمُصْعَبِيُّ مِنْ سُكْنَى بَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ قَالَ: أَنْزَلَ الله فينا خاصة معشر قريش والأنصار وأولوا الأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ لَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ وَلا أَمْوَالَ لَنَا، فَوَجَدْنَا الأَنْصَارَ نِعْمَ الإِخْوَانُ فَوَاخَيْنَاهُمْ وَأَوْرَثْنَاهُمْ، فَآخَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ خَارِجَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، وَآخَى عُمَرُ فُلانًا وَآخَى عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي زُرَيْقِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ وَيَقُولُ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ غَيْرَهُ قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: وَوَاخَيْتُ أَنَا كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، وَأَوْرَثُونَا وَأَوْرَثْنَاهُمْ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ قِيلَ لِي: قَدْ قُتِلَ أَخُوكَ كَعْبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، فَجِئْتُهُ فَانْتَقَلْتُهُ، فَوَجَدْتُ السِّلَاحَ قَدْ ثَقَّلَهُ فِيمَا
