[His saying, the Exalted: "And others who have acknowledged their sins."]
[The first view]
10303 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih, the scribe of al-Layth, narrated to us, Mu'awiyah ibn Salih narrated to us from 'Ali ibn Abi Talhah from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding His saying: "And others who have acknowledged their sins, they have mixed a righteous deed with another that was evil." He said: There were ten men who stayed behind from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) during the Expedition of Tabuk. When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) returned, seven of them bound themselves to the pillars of the mosque. It was the custom of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) to pass by them when returning from the mosque. When he saw them, he said: "Who are these people who have bound themselves to the pillars?" They said: "This is Abu Lubabah and some companions of his who stayed behind from you, O Messenger of Allah. They have bound themselves until the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) releases them and excuses them." The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "And I, I swear by Allah, will not release them nor excuse them until Allah is the One who releases them and excuses them. They turned away from me and stayed behind from the expedition with the Muslims." When that reached them, they said: "We, by Allah, will not release ourselves until Allah is the One who releases us." So Allah revealed: "And others who have acknowledged their sins, they have mixed a righteous deed with another that was evil. Perhaps Allah will turn to them in forgiveness; indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful." When it was revealed, the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) sent for them, released them, and excused them.
10304 - My father narrated to us, Sa'id ibn 'Abd al-Hamid al-Razi narrated to us, Ya'qub narrated to us from Zayd regarding "And others who have acknowledged their sins, they have mixed a righteous deed with another that was evil," he said: They are the eight who tied themselves to the pillars, among them: Kardam, Mirdas, and Abu Lubabah. When the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) released them, they said: "O Prophet of Allah, take a charity from our wealth."
10305 - Muhammad ibn Sa'd informed us in what he wrote to me, my father narrated to us, my uncle narrated to us from his father from his grandfather from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "And others who have acknowledged their sins, they have mixed a righteous deed with another that was evil." This was because the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) went on the Expedition of Tabuk, and Abu Lubabah and two men with him stayed behind from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). Then Abu Lubabah and the two men with him reflected and felt remorse, and they were certain of their destruction. They said: "We are in the shade and comfort with the women, while the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) and the believers with him are in Jihad! By Allah, we shall bind ourselves to the pillars and will not release them until the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) releases us and excuses us." So Abu Lubabah and two men with him went and bound themselves to the pillars of the mosque, and three remained who did not bind themselves.
[قوله تعالى: وآخرون اعترفوا بذنوبهم.]
[الوجه الأول]
١٠٣٠٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَوْلُهُ: وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُوا عَمَلا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا قَالَ: كَانَ عَشْرَةُ رَهْطٍ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، فلما حضر رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- أَوْثَقَ سَبْعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِسَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَكَانَ مَمَرُّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- إِذَا رَجَعَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ قَالَ: مَنْ هَؤُلاءِ الْمُوَثِّقُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِالسَّوَارِي؟ قَالُوا: هَذَا أَبُو لُبَابَةَ وَأَصْحَابٌ لَهُ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوْثَقُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ حَتَّى يُطْلِقَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَعْذُرُهُمْ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا أُقْسِمُ بِاللَّهِ لَا أُطَلِّقُهُمْ وَلا أَعْذِرُهُمْ حَتَّى يَكُونَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي يُطَلِّقُهُمْ وَيَعْذِرُهُمْ، رَغِبُوا عَنِّي وَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنِ الْغَزْوِ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا: نَحْنُ وَاللَّهِ لَا نُطْلِقُ أَنْفُسَنَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِينَ يُطْلِقُنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُوا عَمَلا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ النَّبِيُّ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فَأَطْلَقَهُمْ وَعَذَرَهُمْ.
١٠٣٠٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الرَّازِيُّ ثنا يَعْقُوبُ عَنْ زَيْدٍ وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُوا عَمَلا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا قَالَ: هُمُ الثَّمَانِيَةُ الَّذِينَ رَبَطُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِالسَّوَارِي مِنْهُمْ: كَرْدَمٌ وَمِرْدَاسٌ وَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ، فَلَمَّا أَطْلَقَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قَالُوا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِنَا صَدَقَةٌ.
١٠٣٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ ثنا أَبِي ثنا عَمِّي عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَوْلُهُ: وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُوا عَمَلا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- غَزَا غَزْوَةَ تَبُوكَ، فَتَخَلَّفَ أَبُو لُبَابَةَ وَرَجُلانَ مَعَهُ عَنَ النَّبِيِّ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَبَا لُبَابَةَ وَرَجُلَيْنِ مَعَهُ تَفَكَّرُوا وَنَدَمُوا، وَأَيْقَنُوا بِالْهَلَكَةِ، وَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ فِي الظِّلِّ وَالطُّمَأْنِينَةِ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ مَعَهُ فِي الْجِهَادِ! وَاللَّهِ لَنُوَثِّقُنَّ أَنْفُسَنَا بِالسَّوَارِي فَلا نُطْلِقَهَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يُطْلِقُنَا وَيَعْذُرُنَا فَانْطَلَقَ أَبُو لُبَابَةَ فَأَوْثَقَ نَفْسَهُ وَرَجُلانِ مَعَهُ بِسَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَبَقِيَ ثَلَاثَةٌ لَمْ يُوَثِّقُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ،
